GNUsocial/gnu-social
4
0
Fork 1
Code Issues Releases Wiki Activity
2e9fa8f4b7
gnu-social/INSTALL
Diogo Cordeiro 2e9fa8f4b7 [DOCUMENTATION] Reorganize documentation
2019-06-05 22:48:28 +01:00

463 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
Raw Blame History

TABLE OF CONTENTS
=================
* Prerequisites
- PHP modules
- Better performance
* Installation
- Getting it up and running
- Fancy URLs
- Themes
- Private
* Extra features
- Sphinx
- SMS
- Translation
- Queues and daemons
* After installation
- Backups
- Upgrading
* Additional configuration
Prerequisites
=============
PHP modules
-----------
The following software packages are *required* for this software to
run correctly.
- PHP 5.6+ PHP7.x is also supported.
- MariaDB 5+ MariaDB 10.x is also supported.
- Web server Apache, lighttpd and nginx will all work, see sample
configuration files in the web root. Please use PHP-FPM
and configure mod_rewrite (or equivalent) for an optimal
experience.
Your PHP installation must include the following PHP extensions for a
functional setup of GNU Social:
- openssl (compiled in for Debian, enabled manually in Arch Linux)
- php5-curl Fetching files by HTTP.
- php5-gd Image manipulation (scaling).
- php5-gmp For Salmon signatures (part of OStatus).
- php5-intl Internationalization support (transliteration et al).
- php5-json For WebFinger lookups and more.
- php5-mysqlnd The native driver for PHP5 MariaDB connections. If you
use MySQL, 'php5-mysql' or 'php5-mysqli' may be enough.
Or, for PHP7, some or all of these will be necessary. PHP7 works and on
the development servers we are successful running PHP7.2. This is a good
list of PHP modules you will want installed with PHP7:
php7.0-bcmath
php7.0-curl
php7.0-exif
php7.0-gd
php7.0-intl
php7.0-mbstring
php7.0-mysql
php7.0-opcache
php7.0-readline
php7.0-xmlwriter
NOTE: In Arch Linux, at least PHP5 requires manual enabling in the
relevant php.ini for some modules, most notably 'gmp'.
Better performance
------------------
For some functionality, you will also need the following extensions:
- opcache Improves performance a _lot_. Included in PHP, must be
enabled manually in php.ini for most distributions. Find
and set at least: opcache.enable=1
- gettext For multiple languages. Default on many PHP installs;
will be emulated if not present.
- exif For thumbnails to be properly oriented.
Installation
============
Getting it up and running
-------------------------
Installing the basic GNU Social web component is relatively easy,
especially if you've previously installed PHP/MariaDB packages.
1. Unpack the tarball you downloaded on your Web server. Usually a
command like this will work:
tar zxf gnusocial-*.tar.gz
...which will make a gnusocial-x.y.z subdirectory in your current
directory. (If you don't have shell access on your Web server, you
may have to unpack the tarball on your local computer and FTP the
files to the server.)
2. Move the tarball to a directory of your choosing in your Web root
directory. Usually something like this will work:
mv gnusocial-x.y.z /var/www/gnusocial
This will often make your GNU Social instance available in the gnusocial
path of your server, like "http://example.net/gnusocial". "social" or
"blog" might also be good path names. If you know how to configure
virtual hosts on your web server, you can try setting up
"http://social.example.net/" or the like.
If you have "rewrite" support on your webserver, and you should,
then please enable this in order to make full use of your site. This
will enable "Fancy URL" support, which you can read more about if you
scroll down a bit in this document.
3. Make your target directory writeable by the Web server, please note
however that 'a+w' will give _all_ users write access and securing the
webserver is not within the scope of this document.
chmod a+w /var/www/gnusocial/
On some systems, this will work as a more secure alternative:
chgrp www-data /var/www/gnusocial/
chmod g+w /var/www/gnusocial/
If your Web server runs as another user besides "www-data", try
that user's default group instead. As a last resort, you can create
a new group like "gnusocial" and add the Web server's user to the group.
4. Create a database to hold your site data. Something like this
should work (you will be prompted for your database password):
mysqladmin -u "root" -p create social
Note that GNU Social should have its own database; you should not share
the database with another program. You can name it whatever you want,
though.
(If you don't have shell access to your server, you may need to use
a tool like phpMyAdmin to create a database. Check your hosting
service's documentation for how to create a new MariaDB database.)
5. Create a new database account that GNU Social will use to access the
database. If you have shell access, this will probably work from the
MariaDB shell:
GRANT ALL on social.*
TO 'social'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'agoodpassword';
You should change the user identifier 'social' and 'agoodpassword'
to your preferred new database username and password. You may want to
test logging in to MariaDB as this new user.
6. In a browser, navigate to the GNU Social install script; something like:
https://social.example.net/install.php
Enter the database connection information and your site name. The
install program will configure your site and install the initial,
almost-empty database.
7. You should now be able to navigate to your social site's main directory
and see the "Public Timeline", which will probably be empty. You can
now register new user, post some notices, edit your profile, etc.
Fancy URLs
----------
By default, GNU Social will use URLs that include the main PHP program's
name in them. For example, a user's home profile might be found at either
of these URLS depending on the webserver's configuration and capabilities:
https://social.example.net/index.php/fred
https://social.example.net/index.php?p=fred
It's possible to configure the software to use fancy URLs so it looks like
this instead:
https://social.example.net/fred
These "fancy URLs" are more readable and memorable for users. To use
fancy URLs, you must either have Apache 2.x with .htaccess enabled and
mod_rewrite enabled, -OR- know how to configure "url redirection" in
your server (like lighttpd or nginx).
1. See the instructions for each respective webserver software:
* For Apache, inspect the "htaccess.sample" file and save it as
".htaccess" after making any necessary modifications. Our sample
file is well commented.
* For lighttpd, inspect the lighttpd.conf.example file and apply the
appropriate changes in your virtualhost configuration for lighttpd.
* For nginx, inspect the nginx.conf.sample file and apply the appropriate
changes.
* For other webservers, we gladly accept contributions of
server configuration examples.
2. Assuming your webserver is properly configured and have its settings
applied (remember to reload/restart it), you can add this to your
GNU social's config.php file:
$config['site']['fancy'] = true;
You should now be able to navigate to a "fancy" URL on your server,
like:
https://social.example.net/main/register
Themes
------
As of right now, your ability change the theme is limited to CSS
stylesheets and some image files; you can't change the HTML output,
like adding or removing menu items, without the help of a plugin.
You can choose a theme using the $config['site']['theme'] element in
the config.php file. See below for details.
You can add your own theme by making a sub-directory of the 'theme'
subdirectory with the name of your theme. Each theme can have the
following files:
display.css: a CSS2 file for "default" styling for all browsers.
logo.png: a logo image for the site.
default-avatar-profile.png: a 96x96 pixel image to use as the avatar for
users who don't upload their own.
default-avatar-stream.png: Ditto, but 48x48. For streams of notices.
default-avatar-mini.png: Ditto ditto, but 24x24. For subscriptions
listing on profile pages.
You may want to start by copying the files from the default theme to
your own directory.
Private
-------
A GNU social node can be configured as "private", which means it will not
federate with other nodes in the network. It is not a recommended method
of using GNU social and we cannot at the current state of development
guarantee that there are no leaks (what a public network sees as features,
private sites will likely see as bugs).
Private nodes are however an easy way to easily setup collaboration and
image sharing within a workgroup or a smaller community where federation
is not a desired feature. Also, it is possible to change this setting and
instantly gain full federation features.
Access to file attachments can also be restricted to logged-in users only:
1. Add a directory outside the web root where your file uploads will be
stored. Use this command as an initial guideline to create it:
mkdir /var/www/gnusocial-files
2. Make the file uploads directory writeable by the web server. An
insecure way to do this is (to do it properly, read up on UNIX file
permissions and configure your webserver accordingly):
chmod a+x /var/www/gnusocial-files
3. Tell GNU social to use this directory for file uploads. Add a line
like this to your config.php:
$config['attachments']['dir'] = '/var/www/gnusocial-files';
Extra features
==============
Sphinx
------
To use a Sphinx server to search users and notices, you'll need to
enable the SphinxSearch plugin. Add to your config.php:
addPlugin('SphinxSearch');
$config['sphinx']['server'] = 'searchhost.local';
You also need to install, compile and enable the sphinx pecl extension for
php on the client side, which itself depends on the sphinx development files.
See plugins/SphinxSearch/README for more details and server setup.
SMS
---
StatusNet supports a cheap-and-dirty system for sending update messages
to mobile phones and for receiving updates from the mobile. Instead of
sending through the SMS network itself, which is costly and requires
buy-in from the wireless carriers, it simply piggybacks on the email
gateways that many carriers provide to their customers. So, SMS
configuration is essentially email configuration.
Each user sends to a made-up email address, which they keep a secret.
Incoming email that is "From" the user's SMS email address, and "To"
the users' secret email address on the site's domain, will be
converted to a notice and stored in the DB.
For this to work, there *must* be a domain or sub-domain for which all
(or most) incoming email can pass through the incoming mail filter.
1. Run the SQL script carrier.sql in your StatusNet database. This will
usually work:
mysql -u "statusnetuser" --password="statusnetpassword" statusnet < db/carrier.sql
This will populate your database with a list of wireless carriers
that support email SMS gateways.
2. Make sure the maildaemon.php file is executable:
chmod +x scripts/maildaemon.php
Note that "daemon" is kind of a misnomer here; the script is more
of a filter than a daemon.
2. Edit /etc/aliases on your mail server and add the following line:
*: /path/to/statusnet/scripts/maildaemon.php
3. Run whatever code you need to to update your aliases database. For
many mail servers (Postfix, Exim, Sendmail), this should work:
newaliases
You may need to restart your mail server for the new database to
take effect.
4. Set the following in your config.php file:
$config['mail']['domain'] = 'yourdomain.example.net';
Translations
------------
For info on helping with translations, see the platform currently in use
for translations: https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/gnu-social/
Translations use the gettext system <http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/>.
If you for some reason do not wish to sign up to the Transifex service,
you can review the files in the "locale/" sub-directory of GNU social.
Each plugin also has its own translation files.
To get your own site to use all the translated languages, and you are
tracking the git repo, you will need to install at least 'gettext' on
your system and then run:
$ make translations
Queues and daemons
------------------
Some activities that StatusNet needs to do, like broadcast OStatus, SMS,
XMPP messages and TwitterBridge operations, can be 'queued' and done by
off-line bots instead.
Two mechanisms are available to achieve offline operations:
* New embedded OpportunisticQM plugin, which is enabled by default
* Legacy queuedaemon script, which can be enabled via config file.
### OpportunisticQM plugin
This plugin is enabled by default. It tries its best to do background
jobs during regular HTTP requests, like API or HTML pages calls.
Since queueing system is enabled by default, notices to be broadcasted
will be stored, by default, into DB (table queue_item).
Whenever it has time, OpportunisticQM will try to handle some of them.
This is a good solution whether you:
* have no access to command line (shared hosting)
* do not want to deal with long-running PHP processes
* run a low traffic GNU social instance
In other case, you really should consider enabling the queuedaemon for
performance reasons. Background daemons are necessary anyway if you wish
to use the Instant Messaging features such as communicating via XMPP.
### queuedaemon
If you want to use legacy queuedaemon, you must be able to run
long-running offline processes, either on your main Web server or on
another server you control. (Your other server will still need all the
above prerequisites, with the exception of Apache.) Installing on a
separate server is probably a good idea for high-volume sites.
1. You'll need the "CLI" (command-line interface) version of PHP
installed on whatever server you use.
Modern PHP versions in some operating systems have disabled functions
related to forking, which is required for daemons to operate. To make
this work, make sure that your php-cli config (/etc/php5/cli/php.ini)
does NOT have these functions listed under 'disable_functions':
* pcntl_fork, pcntl_wait, pcntl_wifexited, pcntl_wexitstatus,
pcntl_wifsignaled, pcntl_wtermsig
Other recommended settings for optimal performance are:
* mysqli.allow_persistent = On
* mysqli.reconnect = On
2. If you're using a separate server for queues, install StatusNet
somewhere on the server. You don't need to worry about the
.htaccess file, but make sure that your config.php file is close
to, or identical to, your Web server's version.
3. In your config.php files (on the server where you run the queue
daemon), set the following variable:
$config['queue']['daemon'] = true;
You may also want to look at the 'Queues and Daemons' section in
this file for more background processing options.
4. On the queues server, run the command scripts/startdaemons.sh.
This will run the queue handlers:
* queuedaemon.php - polls for queued items for inbox processing and
pushing out to OStatus, SMS, XMPP, etc.
* imdaemon.php - if an IM plugin is enabled (like XMPP)
* other daemons, like TwitterBridge ones, that you may have enabled
These daemons will automatically restart in most cases of failure
including memory leaks (if a memory_limit is set), but may still die
or behave oddly if they lose connections to the XMPP or queue servers.
It may be a good idea to use a daemon-monitoring service, like 'monit',
to check their status and keep them running.
All the daemons write their process IDs (pids) to /var/run/ by
default. This can be useful for starting, stopping, and monitoring the
daemons. If you are running multiple sites on the same machine, it will
be necessary to avoid collisions of these PID files by setting a site-
specific directory in config.php:
$config['daemon']['piddir'] = __DIR__ . '/../run/';
It is also possible to use a STOMP server instead of our kind of hacky
home-grown DB-based queue solution. This is strongly recommended for
best response time, especially when using XMPP.
After installation
==================
Backups
-------
There is no built-in system for doing backups in GNU social. You can make
backups of a working StatusNet system by backing up the database and
the Web directory. To backup the database use mysqldump <https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/mysqldump/>
and to backup the Web directory, try tar.
Upgrading
---------
Upgrading is strongly recommended to stay up to date with security fixes
and new features. For instructions on how to upgrade GNU social code,
please see the UPGRADE file.
Additional configuration
------------------------
Please refer to DOCUMENTATION/SYSTEM_ADMINISTRATORS/CONFIGURE for information.
View Git Blame Copy Permalink