diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Attribute/When.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Attribute/When.php
index 8cb01c87e1..3114115fd2 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Attribute/When.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Attribute/When.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute;
  *
  * @author Nicolas Grekas <p@tchwork.com>
  */
-#[\Attribute(\Attribute::TARGET_CLASS | \Attribute::IS_REPEATABLE)]
+#[\Attribute(\Attribute::TARGET_CLASS | \Attribute::TARGET_METHOD | \Attribute::IS_REPEATABLE)]
 class When
 {
     public function __construct(
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Loader/PhpFileLoader.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Loader/PhpFileLoader.php
index 43a379778b..007ab1b248 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Loader/PhpFileLoader.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Loader/PhpFileLoader.php
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use Symfony\Component\Config\Builder\ConfigBuilderGenerator;
 use Symfony\Component\Config\Builder\ConfigBuilderGeneratorInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Config\Builder\ConfigBuilderInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Config\FileLocatorInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute\When;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Container;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
@@ -55,12 +56,12 @@ class PhpFileLoader extends FileLoader
         $this->container->fileExists($path);
 
         // the closure forbids access to the private scope in the included file
-        $load = \Closure::bind(function ($path) use ($container, $loader, $resource, $type) {
+        $load = \Closure::bind(function ($path, $env) use ($container, $loader, $resource, $type) {
             return include $path;
         }, $this, ProtectedPhpFileLoader::class);
 
         try {
-            $callback = $load($path);
+            $callback = $load($path, $this->env);
 
             if (\is_object($callback) && \is_callable($callback)) {
                 $this->executeCallback($callback, new ContainerConfigurator($this->container, $this, $this->instanceof, $path, $resource, $this->env), $path);
@@ -98,8 +99,22 @@ class PhpFileLoader extends FileLoader
 
         $arguments = [];
         $configBuilders = [];
-        $parameters = (new \ReflectionFunction($callback))->getParameters();
-        foreach ($parameters as $parameter) {
+        $r = new \ReflectionFunction($callback);
+
+        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80000) {
+            $attribute = null;
+            foreach ($r->getAttributes(When::class) as $attribute) {
+                if ($this->env === $attribute->newInstance()->env) {
+                    $attribute = null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (null !== $attribute) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach ($r->getParameters() as $parameter) {
             $reflectionType = $parameter->getType();
             if (!$reflectionType instanceof \ReflectionNamedType) {
                 throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Could not resolve argument "$%s" for "%s". You must typehint it (for example with "%s" or "%s").', $parameter->getName(), $path, ContainerConfigurator::class, ContainerBuilder::class));
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/config_builder.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/config_builder.php
index 71f5e58910..02772e64cc 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/config_builder.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/config_builder.php
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Tests\Fixtures\AcmeConfig;
 
-return static function (AcmeConfig $config) {
+if ('prod' !== $env) {
+    return;
+}
+
+return function (AcmeConfig $config) {
     $config->color('blue');
 };
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/env_configurator.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/env_configurator.php
index 1c6a3b9038..15434bcfd8 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/env_configurator.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/env_configurator.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator;
 
-return static function (ContainerConfigurator $configurator): void {
+return function (ContainerConfigurator $configurator): void {
     $services = $configurator->services();
 
     $services
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/nested_bundle_config.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/nested_bundle_config.php
index ba1e5de40d..f343eab3d6 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/nested_bundle_config.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/nested_bundle_config.php
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 use Symfony\Config\AcmeConfig\NestedConfig;
 
-return static function (NestedConfig $config) {
+return function (NestedConfig $config) {
     throw new RuntimeException('This code should not be run.');
 };
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/when_env.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/when_env.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..318e9e1cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Fixtures/config/when_env.php
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?php
+
+use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute\When;
+
+return #[When(env: 'prod')] function () {
+    throw new RuntimeException('This code should not be run.');
+};
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Loader/PhpFileLoaderTest.php b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Loader/PhpFileLoaderTest.php
index 6fdb4768af..f3dcb820f8 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Loader/PhpFileLoaderTest.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/DependencyInjection/Tests/Loader/PhpFileLoaderTest.php
@@ -176,4 +176,16 @@ class PhpFileLoaderTest extends TestCase
 
         $loader->load($fixtures.'/config/nested_bundle_config.php');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @requires PHP 8
+     */
+    public function testWhenEnv()
+    {
+        $fixtures = realpath(__DIR__.'/../Fixtures');
+        $container = new ContainerBuilder();
+        $loader = new PhpFileLoader($container, new FileLocator(), 'dev', new ConfigBuilderGenerator(sys_get_temp_dir()));
+
+        $loader->load($fixtures.'/config/when_env.php');
+    }
 }