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									< head > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
										< title > ::/2< / title > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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										< link  rel = "stylesheet"  href = "../../styles.css"  type = "text/css" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< h2 > < code > < a  class = "back"  title = "Return to index"  href = "../index.html#to_object2" > ::/2< / a > < / code > < / h2 > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< hr  / > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< h4 > Description< / h4 > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< pre > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								Object::Predicate
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								(Object1, Object2, ...)::Predicate
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(Object1; Object2; ...)::Predicate
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Object::(Predicate1, Predicate2, ...)
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								Object::(Predicate1; Predicate2; ...)
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / pre > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< p > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								Sends a message to an object. The message argument must match a public predicate of the receiver object. We can also send the same message to a set of objects or a set of messages to the same object. The "< CODE > ,< / CODE > " and "< CODE > ;< / CODE > " in the list have the usual Prolog meaning.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / p > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< h4 > Template and modes< / h4 > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< pre > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								+receivers::+messages
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / pre > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< h4 > Errors< / h4 > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< dl > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
									< dt > Either Object or Predicate is a variable:< / dt > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
										< dd > < code > instantiation_error< / code > < / dd > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
									< dt > Predicate is declared private:< / dt > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
										< dd > < code > permission_error(access, private_predicate, Predicate)< / code > < / dd > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
									< dt > Predicate is declared protected:< / dt > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
										< dd > < code > permission_error(access, protected_predicate, Predicate)< / code > < / dd > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
									< dt > Predicate is not declared:< / dt > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
										< dd > < code > existence_error(predicate_declaration, Predicate)< / code > < / dd > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
									< dt > Object does not exist:< / dt > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
										< dd > < code > existence_error(object, Object)< / code > < / dd > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / dl > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< h4 > Examples< / h4 > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< pre > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								| ?- list::member(X, [1, 2, 3]).
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / pre > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / blockquote > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< hr  / > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< p  class = "center" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< strong > < a  href = "../methods/after3.html" > Previous< / a >  | < a  href = "to_self1.html" > Next< / a >  | < a  href = "../index.html" > Table of Contents< / a >  | < a  href = "../../bibliography.html" > Bibliography< / a >  | < a  href = "../../glossary.html" > Glossary< / a > < / strong > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / p > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< p  class = "center" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2002-07-31 23:34:42 +00:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
									 
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								Last updated on: July 29, 2002
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2001-06-06 20:07:01 +00:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / p > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< hr  / > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / body > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							 
							
							
								< / html >