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Ulrich's fixes to documentation.

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Vitor Santos Costa 2009-04-25 10:59:23 -05:00
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12
docs/swi.tex
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@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ is not an atom, a type error is raised.
Delete the named attribute. If @var{Var} loses its last attribute it
is transformed back into a traditional Prolog variable. If @var{Module}
is not an atom, a type error is raised. In all other cases this
predicate succeeds regarless whether or not the named attribute is
predicate succeeds regardless of whether or not the named attribute is
present.
@item attr_unify_hook(+@var{AttValue},+@var{VarValue})
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ terms. They differ in various ways from storing information using
consider module scoping in future versions.
@end itemize
Both @code{b_setval/2} and @code{nb_setval/2} implicitely create a variable if the
Both @code{b_setval/2} and @code{nb_setval/2} implicitly create a variable if the
referenced name does not already refer to a variable.
Global variables may be initialised from directives to make them
@ -437,10 +437,10 @@ initial value other than @code{[]} prior to backtrackable assignment.
@snindex nb_getval/2
@cnindex nb_getval/2
The @code{nb_getval/2} predicate is a synonym for b_getval/2, introduced for
compatibility and symetry. As most scenarios will use a particular
global variable either using non-backtracable or backtrackable
compatibility and symmetry. As most scenarios will use a particular
global variable either using non-backtrackable or backtrackable
assignment, using @code{nb_getval/2} can be used to document that the
variable is used non-backtracable.
variable is used non-backtrackable.
@c \predicate{nb_linkval}{2}{+Name, +Value}
@c Associates the term @var{Value} with the atom @var{Name} without copying
@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ variable is used non-backtracable.
@c expert users only because the semantics on backtracking to a point
@c before creating the link are poorly defined for compound terms. The
@c principal term is always left untouched, but backtracking behaviour on
@c arguments is undone if the orginal assignment was \jargon{trailed} and
@c arguments is undone if the original assignment was \jargon{trailed} and
@c left alone otherwise, which implies that the history that created the
@c term affects the behaviour on backtracking. Please consider the
@c following example:

105
docs/yap.tex
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@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ Christian Holzbaur, and Jan Wielemaker.
@item The CLP(R) package developed by Leslie De Koninck, Bart Demoen, Tom
Schrijvers, and Jan Wielemaker, based on the CLP(Q,R) implementation
by Christian Holzbauer.
by Christian Holzbaur.
@item The Logtalk Object-Oriented system is developed at the University
of Beira Interior, Portugal, by Paulo Moura:
@ -1931,7 +1931,7 @@ directories are the places where files specified in the form
Unify @var{FullPath} with the absolute path YAP would use to consult
file @var{Name}.
@item public @var{P} [ISO]
@item public @var{P} [ISO extension]
@findex public/1 (directive)
@snindex public/1 (directive)
@cnindex public/1 (directive)
@ -2086,11 +2086,11 @@ The YAP module system is predicate-based. This means a module consists
of a set of predicates (or procedures), such that some predicates are
public and the others are local to a module. Atoms and terms in general
are global to the system. Moreover, the module system is flat, meaning
that we do not support an hierarchy of modules. Modules can
that we do not support a hierarchy of modules. Modules can
automatically import other modules, though. For compatibility with other
module systems the YAP module system is non-strict, meaning both that
there is both a way to access predicates private to a module and that is
possible to declare predicates for a module from some other module.
there is both a way to access predicates private to a module and that it
is possible to declare predicates for a module from some other module.
YAP allows one to ignore the module system if one does not want to use
it. Last note that using the module system does not introduce any
@ -2212,7 +2212,7 @@ The last argument @var{Options} must be a list of options, which can be:
@syindex module/1
@cnindex module/1
Defines @var{M} to be the current working or type-in module. All files
which are not binded to a module are assumed to belong to the working
which are not bound to a module are assumed to belong to the working
module (also referred to as type-in module). To compile a non-module
file into a module which is not the working one, prefix the file name
with the module name, in the form @code{@var{Module}:@var{File}}, when
@ -3246,7 +3246,7 @@ in term @var{TF}. Notice that:
If you do not want any sharing to occur please use
@code{duplicate_term/2}.
@item duplicate_term(?@var{TI},-@var{TF}) [ISO]
@item duplicate_term(?@var{TI},-@var{TF})
@findex duplicate_term/2
@syindex duplicate_term/2
@cnindex duplicate_term/2
@ -3471,7 +3471,7 @@ the call.
'6'}. Useful for parsing numbers.
@item xdigit(@var{Weigth})
@var{Char} is a haxe-decimal digit with value @var{Weigth}. I.e. char_type(a, xdigit(X) yields X = '10'. Useful for parsing numbers.
@var{Char} is a hexa-decimal digit with value @var{Weigth}. I.e. char_type(a, xdigit(X) yields X = '10'. Useful for parsing numbers.
@item graph
@var{Char} produces a visible mark on a page when printed. Note that the space is not included!
@ -6682,9 +6682,9 @@ value other than @code{[]} prior to backtrackable assignment.
@cnindex nb_getval/2
The @code{nb_getval/2} predicate is a synonym for @code{b_getval/2},
introduced for compatibility and symmetry. As most scenarios will use
a particular global variable either using non-backtracable or
a particular global variable either using non-backtrackable or
backtrackable assignment, using @code{nb_getval/2} can be used to
document that the variable is used non-backtracable.
document that the variable is used non-backtrackable.
@item nb_linkval(+@var{Name}, +@var{Value})
@findex nb_linkval/2
@ -7687,7 +7687,7 @@ language mode to @code{iso} and enable strict mode. If @var{Value} is
bound to @code{off} disable strict mode, and keep the current language
mode. The default for YAP is @code{off}.
Under strict ISO prolog mode all calls to non-ISO built-ins generate an
Under strict ISO Prolog mode all calls to non-ISO built-ins generate an
error. Compilation of clauses that would call non-ISO built-ins will
also generate errors. Pre-processing for grammar rules is also
disabled. Module expansion is still performed.
@ -7773,7 +7773,7 @@ working module.
@item unix
@findex unix (yap_flag/2 option)
@* Read-only boolean flag that unifies with tr @code{true} if YAP is
@* Read-only Boolean flag that unifies with @code{true} if YAP is
running on an Unix system. Defined if the C-compiler used to compile
this version of YAP either defines @code{__unix__} or @code{unix}.
@ -8753,7 +8753,7 @@ True when @var{Numbers} is a list of numbers, and @var{Min} is the minimum.
@findex numlist/3
@syindex numlist/3
@cnindex numlist/3
If @var{Low} and @var{High} are integers with @var{Low} lesser or equal than
If @var{Low} and @var{High} are integers with @var{Low} =<
@var{High}, unify @var{List} to a list @code{[Low, Low+1, ...High]}. See
also @code{between/3}.
@ -9377,13 +9377,6 @@ search. They are allowed through @code{library(nb)}.
@cnindex nb_queue/1
Create a @var{Queue}.
@item nb_queue(-@var{Queue},+@var{Size})
@findex nb_queue/2
@snindex nb_queue/2
@cnindex nb_queue/2
Create a @var{Queue} with initial size @var{Size}, measured in stack
cells.
@item nb_queue_close(+@var{Queue}, -@var{Head}, ?@var{Tail})
@findex nb_queue_close/3
@snindex nb_queue_close/3
@ -9867,10 +9860,10 @@ On end-of-file the atom @code{end_of_file} is returned. See also
@findex read_line_to_codes/3
@snindex read_line_to_codes/3
@cnindex read_line_to_codes/3
Diference-list version to read an input line to a list of character
Difference-list version to read an input line to a list of character
codes. Reading stops at the newline or end-of-file character, but
unlike @code{read_line_to_codes/2}, the newline is retained in the
output. This predicate is especially useful for readine a block of
output. This predicate is especially useful for reading a block of
lines upto some delimiter. The following example reads an HTTP header
ended by a blank line:
@ -9916,7 +9909,7 @@ Read a file to a list of character codes. Currently ignores
@findex read_file_to_terms/3
@snindex read_file_to_terms/3
@cnindex read_file_to_terms/3
Read a file to a list of prolog terms (see read/1). @c @var{Spec} is a
Read a file to a list of Prolog terms (see read/1). @c @var{Spec} is a
@c file-specification for absolute_file_name/3. @var{Terms} is the
@c resulting list of Prolog terms. @var{Options} is a list of options for
@c absolute_file_name/3 and open/4. In addition, the option
@ -10655,7 +10648,7 @@ Unify @var{Name} with a name for the current host. YAP uses the
Send signal @var{SIGNAL} to process @var{Id}. In Unix this predicate is
a direct interface to @code{kill} so one can send signals to groups of
processes. In WIN32 the predicate is an interface to
@code{TerminateProcess}, so it kills @var{Id} indepent of @var{SIGNAL}.
@code{TerminateProcess}, so it kills @var{Id} independently of @var{SIGNAL}.
@item mktemp(@var{Spec},-@var{File})
@findex mktemp/2
@ -10857,7 +10850,9 @@ is considered. Otherwise, the term is considered only up to depth
@syindex term_variables/2
@cnindex term_variables/2
Unify @var{Variables} with a list of all variables in term @var{Term}.
Unify @var{Variables} with the list of all variables of term
@var{Term}. The variables occur in the order of their first
appearance when traversing the term depth-first, left-to-right.
@item variables_within_term(+@var{Variables},?@var{Term}, -@var{OutputVariables})
@findex variables_within_term/3
@ -11230,7 +11225,7 @@ Given a graph with a set of vertices @var{Vertices} and a set of edges
@var{Edges}, @var{Graph} must unify with the corresponding
s-representation. Note that the vertices without edges will appear in
@var{Vertices} but not in @var{Edges}. Moreover, it is sufficient for a
vertice to appear in @var{Edges}.
vertex to appear in @var{Edges}.
@example
?- vertices_edges_to_ugraph([],[1-3,2-4,4-5,1-5],L).
@ -11673,7 +11668,7 @@ The path @var{Path} is a path starting at vertex @var{Vertex} in graph
@node UnDGraphs, LAM , DGraphs, Library
@section Undirected Graphs
@cindex undrected graphs
@cindex undirected graphs
The following graph manipulation routines use the red-black tree graph
library to implement undirected graphs. Mostly, this is done by having
@ -11762,7 +11757,7 @@ Unify @var{NewGraph} with the graph complementary to @var{Graph}.
@findex dgraph_to_undgraph/2
@snindex dgraph_to_undgraph/2
@cnindex dgraph_to_undgraph/2
Unify @var{UndGraph} with teh undirected graph obtained from the
Unify @var{UndGraph} with the undirected graph obtained from the
directed graph @var{DGraph}.
@end table
@ -12325,7 +12320,7 @@ typically this will involve expressing all constraints in terms of
quantified.
@end table
Projection interacts with @code{attribute_goal/2} at the prolog top
Projection interacts with @code{attribute_goal/2} at the Prolog top
level. When the query succeeds, the system first calls
@code{project_attributes/2}. The system then calls
@code{attribute_goal/2} to get a user-level representation of the
@ -12577,19 +12572,19 @@ Subnodes of Thread Communication
@cnindex thread_create/3
Create a new Prolog thread (and underlying C-thread) and start it
by executing @var{Goal}. If the thread is created succesfully, the
by executing @var{Goal}. If the thread is created successfully, the
thread-identifier of the created thread is unified to @var{Id}.
@var{Options} is a list of options. Currently defined options are:
@table @code
@item stack
Set the limit in K-Bytes to which the Prolog stacks of
this thread may grow. If omited, the limit of the calling thread is
this thread may grow. If omitted, the limit of the calling thread is
used. See also the commandline @code{-S} option.
@item trail
Set the limit in K-Bytes to which the trail stack of this thread may
grow. If omited, the limit of the calling thread is used. See also the
grow. If omitted, the limit of the calling thread is used. See also the
commandline option @code{-T}.
@item alias
@ -12834,7 +12829,7 @@ Print usage statistics on internal mutexes and mutexes associated
with dynamic predicates. For each mutex two numbers are printed:
the number of times the mutex was acquired and the number of
collisions: the number times the calling thread has to
wait for the mutex. The collistion-count is not available on
wait for the mutex. The collision-count is not available on
Windows as this would break portability to Windows-95/98/ME or
significantly harm performance. Generally collision count is
close to zero on single-CPU hardware.
@ -12943,7 +12938,7 @@ created and @var{Queue} is unified to its identifier.
Destroy a message queue created with @code{message_queue_create/1}. It is
@emph{not} allows to destroy the queue of a thread. Neither is it
allowed to destroy a queue other threads are waiting for or, for
anynymous message queues, may try to wait for later.
anonymous message queues, may try to wait for later.
@item thread_get_message(+@var{Queue}, ?@var{Term})
@findex thread_get_message/2
@ -13056,7 +13051,7 @@ assert, retract and run the dynamic predicate. Synchronisation inside
Prolog guarantees the consistency of the predicate. Updates are
@emph{logical}: visible clauses are not affected by assert/retract
after a query started on the predicate. In many cases primitive from
thread synchronysation should be used to ensure application invariants on
thread synchronisation should be used to ensure application invariants on
the predicate are maintained.
Besides shared predicates, dynamic predicates can be declared with the
@ -13176,7 +13171,7 @@ implies named mutexes need not be declared explicitly.
Please note that locking and unlocking mutexes should be paired
carefully. Especially make sure to unlock mutexes even if the protected
code fails or raises an exception. For most common cases use
@code{with_mutex/2}, wich provides a safer way for handling prolog-level
@code{with_mutex/2}, which provides a safer way for handling Prolog-level
mutexes.
@item mutex_trylock(+@var{MutexId})
@ -13207,7 +13202,7 @@ also @code{thread_signal/2}.
@snindex current_mutex/3
@cnindex current_mutex/3
Enumerates all existing mutexes. If the mutex is held by some thread,
@var{ThreadId} is unified with the identifier of te holding thread and
@var{ThreadId} is unified with the identifier of the holding thread and
@var{Count} with the recursive count of the mutex. Otherwise,
@var{ThreadId} is @code{[]} and @var{Count} is 0.
@end table
@ -13847,7 +13842,7 @@ Indexation is also very important for predicates with a large number
of clauses that are used like tables:
@example
logician(aristhoteles,greek).
logician(aristoteles,greek).
logician(frege,german).
logician(russel,english).
logician(godel,german).
@ -13934,7 +13929,7 @@ type_of_verb(rest,passive).
@chapter C Language interface to YAP
YAP provides the user with the necessary facilities for writing
predicates in a language other than prolog. Since, under Unix systems,
predicates in a language other than Prolog. Since, under Unix systems,
most language implementations are link-able to C, we will describe here
only the YAP interface to the C language.
@ -14005,7 +14000,7 @@ Under Digital Unix you need to create a @code{so} file. Use:
and replace my @code{process.so} for my @code{process.o} in the
remainder of the example.
@noindent
And could be loaded, under YAP, by executing the following prolog goal
And could be loaded, under YAP, by executing the following Prolog goal
@example
load_foreign_files(['my_process'],[],init_my_predicates).
@end example
@ -14013,7 +14008,7 @@ Note that since YAP4.3.3 you should not give the suffix for object
files. YAP will deduce the correct suffix from the operating system it
is running under.
After loading that file the following prolog goal
After loading that file the following Prolog goal
@example
my_process_id(N)
@end example
@ -14025,14 +14020,14 @@ Having presented a full example, we will now examine in more detail the
contents of the C source code file presented above.
The include statement is used to make available to the C source code the
macros for the handling of prolog terms and also some YAP public
macros for the handling of Prolog terms and also some YAP public
definitions.
The function @code{my_process_id} is the implementation, in C, of the
desired predicate. Note that it returns an integer denoting the success
of failure of the goal and also that it has no arguments even though the
predicate being defined has one.
In fact the arguments of a prolog predicate written in C are accessed
In fact the arguments of a Prolog predicate written in C are accessed
through macros, defined in the include file, with names @var{YAP_ARG1},
@var{YAP_ARG2}, ..., @var{YAP_ARG16} or with @var{YAP_A}(@var{N})
where @var{N} is the argument number (starting with 1). In the present
@ -14069,16 +14064,16 @@ The rest of this appendix describes exhaustively how to interface C to YAP.
@section Terms
This section provides information about the primitives available to the C
programmer for manipulating prolog terms.
programmer for manipulating Prolog terms.
Several C typedefs are included in the header file @code{yap/YAPInterface.h} to
describe, in a portable way, the C representation of prolog terms.
describe, in a portable way, the C representation of Prolog terms.
The user should write is programs using this macros to ensure portability of
code across different versions of YAP.
The more important typedef is @var{YAP_Term} which is used to denote the
type of a prolog term.
type of a Prolog term.
Terms, from a point of view of the C-programmer, can be classified as
follows
@ -14202,7 +14197,7 @@ references.
@findex YAP_MkAtomTerm (C-Interface function)
@findex YAP_AtomOfTerm (C-Interface function)
A special typedef @code{YAP_Atom} is provided to describe prolog
A special typedef @code{YAP_Atom} is provided to describe Prolog
@i{atoms} (symbolic constants). The two following primitives can be used
to manipulate atom terms
@example
@ -14272,7 +14267,7 @@ hook on garbage collection:
@findex YAP_MkNewPairTerm (C-Interface function)
@findex YAP_HeadOfTerm (C-Interface function)
@findex YAP_TailOfTerm (C-Interface function)
A @i{pair} is a Prolog term which consists of a tuple of two prolog
A @i{pair} is a Prolog term which consists of a tuple of two Prolog
terms designated as the @i{head} and the @i{tail} of the term. Pairs are
most often used to build @emph{lists}. The following primitives can be
used to manipulate pairs:
@ -14311,7 +14306,7 @@ functor. @code{YAP_MkNewApplTerm} builds up a compound term whose
arguments are unbound variables. @code{YAP_ArgOfTerm} gives an argument
to a compound term. @code{argno} should be greater or equal to 1 and
less or equal to the arity of the functor. @code{YAP_ArgsOfTerm}
returns a pinter to an array of arguments.
returns a pointer to an array of arguments.
YAP allows one to manipulate the functors of compound term. The function
@code{YAP_FunctorOfTerm} allows one to obtain a variable of type
@ -14335,7 +14330,7 @@ arity.
@section Unification
@findex YAP_Unify (C-Interface function)
YAP provides a single routine to attempt the unification of two prolog
YAP provides a single routine to attempt the unification of two Prolog
terms. The routine may succeed or fail:
@example
Int YAP_Unify(YAP_Term @var{a}, YAP_Term @var{b})
@ -14528,7 +14523,7 @@ system. The slot functions are as follows:
@item long int YAP_NewSlots(int @var{NumberOfSlots})
@findex YAP_NewSlots (C-Interface function)
Allocate @var{NumberOfSlots} from the stack and return an handle to the
last one. Th eother hand can be obtained by decrementing the handle.
last one. The other handle can be obtained by decrementing the handle.
@item long int YAP_CurrentSlot(void)
@findex YAP_CurrentSlot (C-Interface function)
@ -14670,7 +14665,7 @@ that it is not the current module. To find the current module, you can call:
@end example
Given a module, you may want to obtain the corresponding name. This is
possioble by using:
possible by using:
@example
YAP_Term YAP_ModuleName(YAP_Module mod)
@end example
@ -14713,7 +14708,7 @@ also that we normally also need to preserve some information to find out
the next solution.
In fact the role of the two functions can be better understood from the
following prolog definition
following Prolog definition
@example
p :- start.
p :- repeat,
@ -14731,7 +14726,7 @@ uninstantiated argument, should provide, by backtracking, all the positive
integers less or equal to 100.
To do that we first declare a structure, which can only consist
of prolog terms, containing the information to be preserved on backtracking
of Prolog terms, containing the information to be preserved on backtracking
and a pointer variable to a structure of that type.
@example
@ -14913,7 +14908,7 @@ available if you cannot port the code to the new interface.
@item The use of @code{Deref} is deprecated. All functions that return
Prolog terms, including the ones that access arguments, already
dereferenciate their arguments.
dereference their arguments.
@item Space allocated with PRESERVE_DATA is ignored by garbage
collection and stack shifting. As a result, any pointers to a Prolog