diff --git a/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.cpp b/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.cpp
index 6138dbea2..f2be3b119 100644
--- a/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.cpp
+++ b/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,16 @@
 
 namespace Horus {
 
+namespace LiftedOperations {
+
+namespace {
+
+Parfactors absorve (ObservedFormula& obsFormula, Parfactor* g);
+
+}
+
 void
-LiftedOperations::shatterAgainstQuery (
-    ParfactorList& pfList,
-    const Grounds& query)
+shatterAgainstQuery (ParfactorList& pfList, const Grounds& query)
 {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < query.size(); i++) {
     if (query[i].isAtom()) {
@@ -61,9 +67,7 @@ LiftedOperations::shatterAgainstQuery (
 
 
 void
-LiftedOperations::runWeakBayesBall (
-    ParfactorList& pfList,
-    const Grounds& query)
+runWeakBayesBall (ParfactorList& pfList, const Grounds& query)
 {
   std::queue<PrvGroup> todo; // groups to process
   std::set<PrvGroup> done;   // processed or in queue
@@ -122,9 +126,7 @@ LiftedOperations::runWeakBayesBall (
 
 
 void
-LiftedOperations::absorveEvidence (
-    ParfactorList& pfList,
-    ObservedFormulas& obsFormulas)
+absorveEvidence (ParfactorList& pfList, ObservedFormulas& obsFormulas)
 {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < obsFormulas.size(); i++) {
     Parfactors newPfs;
@@ -161,9 +163,7 @@ LiftedOperations::absorveEvidence (
 
 
 Parfactors
-LiftedOperations::countNormalize (
-    Parfactor* g,
-    const LogVarSet& set)
+countNormalize (Parfactor* g, const LogVarSet& set)
 {
   Parfactors normPfs;
   if (set.empty()) {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ LiftedOperations::countNormalize (
 
 
 Parfactor
-LiftedOperations::calcGroundMultiplication (Parfactor pf)
+calcGroundMultiplication (Parfactor pf)
 {
   LogVarSet lvs = pf.constr()->logVarSet();
   lvs -= pf.constr()->singletons();
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ LiftedOperations::calcGroundMultiplication (Parfactor pf)
 
 
 
+namespace {
+
 Parfactors
-LiftedOperations::absorve (
-    ObservedFormula& obsFormula,
-    Parfactor* g)
+absorve (ObservedFormula& obsFormula, Parfactor* g)
 {
   Parfactors absorvedPfs;
   const ProbFormulas& formulas = g->arguments();
@@ -275,5 +275,9 @@ LiftedOperations::absorve (
   return absorvedPfs;
 }
 
+}
+
+}  // namespace LiftedOperations
+
 }  // namespace Horus
 
diff --git a/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.h b/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.h
index 8b15014d3..afdac7a4e 100644
--- a/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.h
+++ b/packages/CLPBN/horus/LiftedOperations.h
@@ -6,26 +6,19 @@
 
 namespace Horus {
 
-class LiftedOperations {
-  public:
-    static void shatterAgainstQuery (
-        ParfactorList& pfList, const Grounds& query);
+namespace LiftedOperations {
 
-    static void runWeakBayesBall (
-        ParfactorList& pfList, const Grounds&);
+void shatterAgainstQuery (ParfactorList& pfList, const Grounds& query);
 
-    static void absorveEvidence (
-        ParfactorList& pfList, ObservedFormulas& obsFormulas);
+void runWeakBayesBall (ParfactorList& pfList, const Grounds& query);
 
-    static Parfactors countNormalize (Parfactor*, const LogVarSet&);
+void absorveEvidence (ParfactorList& pfList, ObservedFormulas&);
 
-    static Parfactor calcGroundMultiplication (Parfactor pf);
+Parfactors countNormalize (Parfactor*, const LogVarSet&);
 
-  private:
-    static Parfactors absorve (ObservedFormula&, Parfactor*);
+Parfactor calcGroundMultiplication (Parfactor pf);
 
-    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (LiftedOperations);
-};
+}  // namespace LiftedOperations
 
 }  // namespace Horus