1299 lines
		
	
	
		
			44 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Prolog
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			1299 lines
		
	
	
		
			44 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Prolog
		
	
	
	
	
	
%%% -*- Mode: Prolog; -*-
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%
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%  $Date: 2011-07-27 17:38:26 +0200 (Wed, 27 Jul 2011) $
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%  $Revision: 6461 $
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%
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%  This file is part of ProbLog
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%  http://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/problog
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%
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%  ProbLog was developed at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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%
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%  Copyright 2008, 2009, 2010
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%  Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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%
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%  Main author of this file:
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%  Angelika Kimmig
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%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%
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% Artistic License 2.0
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%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% aProbLog prototype
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%
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% for background, see
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% Kimmig et al "An Algebraic Prolog for Reasoning about Possible Worlds" AAAI 2011
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% http://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/problog/publications.html
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%
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% includes ProbLog code fragments
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% uses the online interface to problogbdd/simplecudd written by Theofrastos Mantadelis (problog/bdd.yap)
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%
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% NOTE:
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% - flags neutral_sum and disjoint_sum decide which inference method is called from aproblog_label/2, they are ignored when calling these underlying methods directly
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% - all four methods use the set of explanations found by SLD resolution as covering set of explanations 
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% - compensation for non-neutral sums is restricted to the variables that occur in some proof of the query by default,
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%   setting flag compensate_unused to true will activate compensation for all ground unseen variables (throws error in programs with non-ground facts)
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% - for disjoint sum, no trie representation of the DNF is built, i.e. n proofs resulting in same explanation appear n times in sum (old versions _on_dnf not exported)
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% - BDDs are constructed using dbtries with optimization level 0 (predicates for naive preprocessing can be activated in the source code (search comments on dnf_to_bdd_naive))
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% - dynamic labels are not yet supported (i.e. no L::fact(L).)
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%
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% hacker's corner:
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% - declaring sums to be neutral simulates labels defined in terms of the set of SLD-explanations (not considered in AAAI paper)
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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:- module(aproblog,[op( 550, yfx, :: ),
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		    aproblog_label/2,          % decide cases based on flags disjoint_sum and neutral_sum (default: both false -> case 4)
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		    label_neutral_disjoint/2,  % case 1: sums are neutral and disjoint
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		    label_disjoint_neutral/2,  % synonym for label_neutral_disjoint/2
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		    label_disjoint/2,          % case 2: sums are disjoint but not neutral (also solves case 1, but with overhead)
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		    label_neutral/2,           % case 3: sums are neutral but not disjoint (also solves case 1, but with overhead)
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		    label/2,                   % case 4: sums are not neutral and not disjoint (also solves cases 1-3, but with overhead)
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		    '::'/2,
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  		    set_aproblog_flag/2,
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		    aproblog_flag/2,
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		    print_bdd/1,
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		    print_dnf/1]).
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:- style_check(all).
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:- yap_flag(unknown,error).
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:- op( 550, yfx, :: ).
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:- multifile('::'/2).
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:- ensure_loaded('problog/ptree').
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:- ensure_loaded('problog/bdd').
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:- ensure_loaded('problog/gflags').
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:- ensure_loaded('problog/flags').
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:- ensure_loaded('problog/os').
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:- ensure_loaded(library(tries)).
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:- ensure_loaded(library(terms)).
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:- ensure_loaded(library(lists)).
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:- dynamic(aproblog_predicate/2).
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:- dynamic(non_ground_fact/1).
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:- dynamic calcp/2.                     % used in lazy evaluation
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:- dynamic aproblog_cached/4.          % cache in depth first search
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:- dynamic aproblog_cache_vars/0.      % decides whether cache also contains variables which are then used for compensation 
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% by default don't talk, take care of both potential problems, and do not compensate for unused facts 
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:- initialization((
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	problog_define_flag(verbose,     problog_flag_validate_boolean, 'display information', false, aproblog),
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	problog_define_flag(disjoint_sum,     problog_flag_validate_boolean, 'sum is disjoint', false, aproblog),
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	problog_define_flag(neutral_sum,     problog_flag_validate_boolean, 'sum is neutral', false, aproblog),
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	problog_define_flag(compensate_unused,     problog_flag_validate_boolean, 'compensate non-neutral sum for unused facts', false, aproblog)	   
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)).
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% directory where problogbdd executable is located
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% automatically set during loading -- assumes it is in same place as this file (problog.yap)
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:- getcwd(PD), set_problog_path(PD).
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aproblog_flag(F,V) :-
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	problog_flag(F,V).
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set_aproblog_flag(F,V) :-
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	set_problog_flag(F,V).
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% backtrack over all labeled facts
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% must come before term_expansion
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Label::Goal :-
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    labeled_fact(Label,Goal,_ID).
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% backtrack over all labeled facts
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labeled_fact(Label,Goal,ID) :-
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	ground(Goal),
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	!,
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	Goal =.. [F|Args],
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	atomic_concat('aproblog_',F,F2),
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	append([ID|Args],[Label],Args2),
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	Goal2 =..[F2|Args2],
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	length(Args2,N),
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	current_predicate(F2/N),
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	Goal2.
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labeled_fact(Label,Goal,ID) :-
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	get_internal_fact(ID,ProblogTerm,_ProblogName,_ProblogArity),
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	ProblogTerm =.. [F,_ID|Args],
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	append(Args2,[Label],Args),
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	name(F,[_a,_p,_r,_o,_b,_l,_o,_g,_|F2Chars]),
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	name(F2,F2Chars),
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	Goal =.. [F2|Args2].
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% term expansion / core is taken from problog_neg and adapted
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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user:term_expansion(_P::( _Goal :- _Body ), _Error) :-
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	throw(error('we do not support this (yet?)!')).
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user:term_expansion(P::Goal, aproblog:ProbFact) :- 
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	functor(Goal, Name, Arity),
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        atomic_concat([aproblog_,Name],AproblogName),
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	Goal =.. [Name|Args],
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	append(Args,[P],L1),
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	labelclause_id(ID),
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	ProbFact =.. [AproblogName,ID|L1],
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	(
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	 ground(P)
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	->
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	 assert_static(id_label(ID,P)) % Label is fixed -- assert it for quick retrieval
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
				% Label is a variable... we don't support that yet
 | 
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	    throw(error('Variable labels are not (yet) supported! Your program contains':P::Goal))
 | 
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	),
 | 
						|
 	(
 | 
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	    ground(Goal)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
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	    true;
 | 
						|
	    assert(non_ground_fact(ID))
 | 
						|
	),
 | 
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	aproblog_predicate(Name, Arity, AproblogName).
 | 
						|
	    
 | 
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 | 
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% introduce wrapper clause if predicate seen first time
 | 
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aproblog_predicate(Name, Arity, _) :-
 | 
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	aproblog_predicate(Name, Arity), !.
 | 
						|
 | 
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aproblog_predicate(Name, Arity, AproblogName) :-
 | 
						|
	functor(OriginalGoal, Name, Arity),
 | 
						|
	OriginalGoal =.. [_|Args],
 | 
						|
	append(Args,[_],L1),
 | 
						|
	ProbFact =.. [AproblogName,ID|L1],
 | 
						|
	prolog_load_context(module,Mod),
 | 
						|
	
 | 
						|
	assert( (Mod:OriginalGoal :- ProbFact, 
 | 
						|
	                             (
 | 
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					 non_ground_fact(ID)
 | 
						|
				     ->
 | 
						|
				         (non_ground_fact_grounding_id(OriginalGoal,G_ID),
 | 
						|
					   atomic_concat([ID,'_',G_ID],ID2));
 | 
						|
					 ID2=ID
 | 
						|
				     ),
 | 
						|
				     add_to_proof(ID2)
 | 
						|
		 )),
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	assert( (Mod:aproblog_not(OriginalGoal) :- ProbFact,
 | 
						|
	                                          (
 | 
						|
						      non_ground_fact(ID)
 | 
						|
						  ->
 | 
						|
						     ( non_ground_fact_grounding_id(OriginalGoal,G_ID),
 | 
						|
						        atomic_concat([ID,'_',G_ID],ID2));
 | 
						|
						      ID2=ID
 | 
						|
						  ),
 | 
						|
						  add_to_proof_negated(ID2)
 | 
						|
		 )),
 | 
						|
	    
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_predicate(Name, Arity)),
 | 
						|
	ArityPlus2 is Arity+2,
 | 
						|
	dynamic(aproblog:AproblogName/ArityPlus2).	
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% generate next global identifier
 | 
						|
:- nb_setval(labelclause_counter,0).
 | 
						|
labelclause_id(ID) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(labelclause_counter,ID), !,
 | 
						|
	C1 is ID+1,
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(labelclause_counter,C1), !.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% managing non-ground facts
 | 
						|
non_ground_fact_grounding_id(Goal,ID) :-
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	    ground(Goal)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	    true;
 | 
						|
	    (
 | 
						|
		format(user_error,'The current program uses non-ground facts.~n', []),
 | 
						|
		format(user_error,'If you query those, you may only query fully-grounded versions of the fact.~n',[]),
 | 
						|
		format(user_error,'Within the current proof, you queried for ~q which is not ground.~n~n', [Goal]),
 | 
						|
		throw(error(non_ground_fact(Goal)))
 | 
						|
	    )
 | 
						|
	),
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	    grounding_is_known(Goal,ID)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	    true;
 | 
						|
	    (
 | 
						|
		nb_getval(non_ground_fact_grounding_id_counter,ID),
 | 
						|
		ID2 is ID+1,
 | 
						|
		nb_setval(non_ground_fact_grounding_id_counter,ID2),
 | 
						|
		assert(grounding_is_known(Goal,ID))
 | 
						|
	    )
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
reset_non_ground_facts :-
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(non_ground_fact_grounding_id_counter,0),
 | 
						|
	retractall(grounding_is_known(_,_)).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% accessing internal information
 | 
						|
get_fact_label(ID,Prob) :-
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 id_label(ID,W)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 Prob = W
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 get_fact_from_id(ID,F),
 | 
						|
	 atom_number(F,N),
 | 
						|
	 id_label(N,Prob)
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
get_internal_fact(ID,AproblogTerm,AproblogName,AproblogArity) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_predicate(Name,Arity),   
 | 
						|
	atomic_concat([aproblog_,Name],AproblogName),
 | 
						|
	AproblogArity is Arity+2,
 | 
						|
	functor(AproblogTerm,AproblogName,AproblogArity),
 | 
						|
	arg(1,AproblogTerm,ID),
 | 
						|
	call(AproblogTerm). % have to keep choicepoint to allow for :: backtracking over all facts
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
get_fact(ID,OutsideTerm) :-
 | 
						|
	get_internal_fact(ID,AproblogTerm,AproblogName,AproblogArity),
 | 
						|
	AproblogTerm =.. [_Functor,ID|Args],
 | 
						|
	atomic_concat('aproblog_',OutsideFunctor,AproblogName),
 | 
						|
	Last is AproblogArity-1,
 | 
						|
	nth(Last,Args,_LogProb,OutsideArgs),
 | 
						|
	OutsideTerm =.. [OutsideFunctor|OutsideArgs].
 | 
						|
% ID of instance of non-ground fact: get fact from grounding table
 | 
						|
get_fact(ID,OutsideTerm) :-
 | 
						|
	recover_grounding_id(ID,GID),
 | 
						|
	grounding_is_known(OutsideTerm,GID).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
recover_grounding_id(Atom,ID) :-
 | 
						|
	name(Atom,List),
 | 
						|
	reverse(List,Rev),
 | 
						|
	recover_number(Rev,NumRev),
 | 
						|
	reverse(NumRev,Num),
 | 
						|
	name(ID,Num).
 | 
						|
recover_number([95|_],[]) :- !.  % name('_',[95])
 | 
						|
recover_number([A|B],[A|C]) :-
 | 
						|
	recover_number(B,C).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
get_fact_list([],[]).
 | 
						|
get_fact_list([neg(T)|IDs],[not(Goal)|Facts]) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	aproblog_context(Goal,_,T),
 | 
						|
	get_fact_list(IDs,Facts).
 | 
						|
get_fact_list([ID|IDs],[Fact|Facts]) :-
 | 
						|
	(ID=not(X) -> Fact=not(Y); Fact=Y, ID=X),
 | 
						|
	get_fact(X,Y),
 | 
						|
	get_fact_list(IDs,Facts).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% called "inside" probabilistic facts to update current state of proving
 | 
						|
% if number of steps exceeded, fail
 | 
						|
% if fact used before, succeed and keep status as is
 | 
						|
%       else update state and succeed
 | 
						|
add_to_proof(ID) :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_steps,MaxSteps),
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_current_proof, IDs),
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%% Bernd, changes for negated ground facts
 | 
						|
        \+ memberchk(not(ID),IDs),
 | 
						|
%%%% Bernd, changes for negated ground facts
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	( MaxSteps =< 0 -> 
 | 
						|
	    fail
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	  ( memberchk(ID, IDs) ->
 | 
						|
	    true
 | 
						|
	  ;
 | 
						|
	    b_setval(aproblog_current_proof, [ID|IDs])
 | 
						|
	  ),
 | 
						|
	  Steps is MaxSteps-1,
 | 
						|
	  b_setval(aproblog_steps,Steps)
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%% Bernd, changes for negated ground facts
 | 
						|
add_to_proof_negated(ID) :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_steps,MaxSteps),
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_current_proof, IDs),
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
        \+ memberchk(ID,IDs),
 | 
						|
	( MaxSteps =< 0 -> 
 | 
						|
	    fail
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	  ( memberchk(not(ID), IDs) ->
 | 
						|
	    true
 | 
						|
	  ;
 | 
						|
	    b_setval(aproblog_current_proof, [not(ID)|IDs])
 | 
						|
	  ),
 | 
						|
	  Steps is MaxSteps-1,
 | 
						|
	  b_setval(aproblog_steps,Steps)
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
%%%% Bernd, changes for negated ground facts
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% this is called before the actual aProbLog goal
 | 
						|
% to set up environment for proving
 | 
						|
init_aproblog :-
 | 
						|
	reset_non_ground_facts,
 | 
						|
	b_setval(aproblog_current_proof, []),
 | 
						|
	b_setval(aproblog_steps,999999).
 | 
						|
init_aproblog_trie :-
 | 
						|
	init_ptree(Trie_Completed_Proofs),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie_Completed_Proofs).
 | 
						|
	
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% to call an aProbLog goal, patch all subgoals with the user's module context
 | 
						|
% (as logical part is there, but labeled part in aproblog)
 | 
						|
aproblog_call(Goal) :-
 | 
						|
	yap_flag(typein_module,Module),
 | 
						|
%%% if user provides init_db, call this before proving goal
 | 
						|
	(current_predicate(_,Module:init_db) -> call(Module:init_db); true),
 | 
						|
	put_module(Goal,Module,ModGoal),
 | 
						|
	call(ModGoal).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
put_module((Mod:Goal,Rest),Module,(Mod:Goal,Transformed)) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	put_module(Rest,Module,Transformed).
 | 
						|
put_module((Goal,Rest),Module,(Module:Goal,Transformed)) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	put_module(Rest,Module,Transformed).
 | 
						|
put_module((Mod:Goal),_Module,(Mod:Goal)) :-
 | 
						|
	!.
 | 
						|
put_module(Goal,Module,Module:Goal).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% end of core
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% predicates related to DNF construction and evaluation
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% given a query, build the DNF in the trie named aproblog_completed_proofs
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
build_dnf(Goal) :-
 | 
						|
	init_aproblog,
 | 
						|
	init_aproblog_trie,
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_call(Goal),
 | 
						|
	add_solution(Trie),
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
build_dnf(_).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
add_solution(N) :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_current_proof, IDs),
 | 
						|
	(IDs == [] -> R = true ; reverse(IDs,R)),
 | 
						|
	insert_ptree(R,N).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
delete_dnf :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	delete_ptree(Trie).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
print_dnf :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	print_ptree(Trie).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% calculating the label of the DNF:
 | 
						|
% iterates over all conjunctions, performing semiring multiplication in conj, semiring addition between conj
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
evaluate_dnf(_) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	traverse_ptree(Trie,Explanation),
 | 
						|
	update_label(Explanation),
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
evaluate_dnf(Label) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_label, Label).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
update_label(Explanation) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_one(One),
 | 
						|
	multiply_label(Explanation,One,Label),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_label, OldLabel),
 | 
						|
	semiring_addition(OldLabel,Label,NewLabel),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, NewLabel).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
multiply_label([],Result,Result).
 | 
						|
multiply_label([not(First)|Rest],Acc,Result) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	get_fact_label(First,W),
 | 
						|
	label_negated(W,WBar),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(Acc,WBar,Next),
 | 
						|
	multiply_label(Rest,Next,Result).
 | 
						|
multiply_label([First|Rest],Acc,Result) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	get_fact_label(First,W),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(Acc,W,Next),
 | 
						|
	multiply_label(Rest,Next,Result).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% calculating the label of the DNF in case the sum is not neutral, 
 | 
						|
% compensation ignores variables not appearing in DNF
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
evaluate_dnf_with_compensation(_) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_variables, []),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	traverse_ptree(Trie,Explanation),
 | 
						|
	update_label_with_compensation(Explanation),
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
evaluate_dnf_with_compensation(Label) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_label, Label).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
update_label_with_compensation(Explanation) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_one(One),
 | 
						|
	multiply_label(Explanation,One,LabelI),  % LabelI is the label of the i-th explanation...
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_variables, Var),
 | 
						|
	get_variables(Explanation,VarI),
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(Var,VarI,LabelI,CLabelI), % ... which is corrected for Var\VarI
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_label, OldLabel),
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(VarI,Var,OldLabel, COldLabel),  % OldLabel gets corrected for VarI\Var 
 | 
						|
	semiring_addition(COldLabel,CLabelI,NewLabel),  % now we sum corrected labels up
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, NewLabel),
 | 
						|
	append(Var,VarI,List),
 | 
						|
	sort(List,NewVar),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_variables,NewVar).  % and update the list of seen variables
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% variant that always compensates for the full set of DNF variables
 | 
						|
% does some unnecessary append and sort at the end of each update
 | 
						|
evaluate_dnf_with_compensation_naive(_) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	edges_ptree(Trie,Vars),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_variables, Vars),
 | 
						|
	traverse_ptree(Trie,Explanation),
 | 
						|
	update_label_with_compensation(Explanation),
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
evaluate_dnf_with_compensation_naive(Label) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_label, Label).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% predicates related to BDD construction and evaluation
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% dnf to bdd translation using naive preprocessing
 | 
						|
% (full conjunctions as intermediate results, one big disjunction at end)
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
dnf_to_bdd_naive :-
 | 
						|
	bdd_init(FDO, PID),
 | 
						|
	dnf_to_bdd_naive(FDO),
 | 
						|
	bdd_kill(FDO, PID, _S).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
dnf_to_bdd_naive(FDO) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_script_lines,[]),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	traverse_ptree(Trie,Explanation),
 | 
						|
	add_to_bdd(Explanation, FDO),
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
dnf_to_bdd_naive(FDO) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_script_lines,Lines),
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 Lines = []            % empty trie is false
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 bdd_line([],'FALSE',_,L)
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 bdd_OR([], Lines, L)
 | 
						|
	),
 | 
						|
	bdd_laststep(LID),
 | 
						|
	bdd_commit(FDO, L),
 | 
						|
	bdd_commit(FDO, LID).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% trie with single element 'true"
 | 
						|
add_to_bdd([true],FDO) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	bdd_line([],'TRUE',_,L1),
 | 
						|
	bdd_laststep(L1S),
 | 
						|
	bdd_commit(FDO, L1),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_script_lines,SoFar),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_script_lines,[L1S|SoFar]).
 | 
						|
add_to_bdd(AndList,FDO) :-
 | 
						|
	ids_to_vars(AndList,List),%write(List),nl,
 | 
						|
	bdd_AND([], List, L1),
 | 
						|
	bdd_laststep(L1S),
 | 
						|
	bdd_commit(FDO, L1),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_script_lines,SoFar),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_script_lines,[L1S|SoFar]).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% dnf to bdd translation using dbtrie at optimization level 0
 | 
						|
% adapted copy of ptree's trie_to_bdd_trie
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
dnf_to_bdd :-
 | 
						|
	bdd_init(FDO, PID),
 | 
						|
	dnf_to_bdd(FDO),
 | 
						|
	bdd_kill(FDO, PID, _S).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% taken from ptree.yap's trie_to_bdd_trie and adapted to write to online interface
 | 
						|
dnf_to_bdd(FDO) :-
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	trie_to_depth_breadth_trie(Trie, B, LL, 0), % the last one is the optimization level, LL the last definition's name  
 | 
						|
	(ptree:is_label(LL) ->
 | 
						|
	 tell(FDO),
 | 
						|
	 ptree:trie_write(B, LL),
 | 
						|
	 write(LL), nl,
 | 
						|
	 tell(user)
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 (ptree:is_state(LL) ->
 | 
						|
	  Edges = []
 | 
						|
	 ;
 | 
						|
	  Edges = [LL]
 | 
						|
	 ),
 | 
						|
	 tell(FDO),
 | 
						|
	 (LL = not(ID) ->
 | 
						|
	  ptree:get_var_name(ID, NLL),
 | 
						|
	  write('L1 = ~'), write(NLL),nl
 | 
						|
	 ;
 | 
						|
	  ptree:get_var_name(LL, NLL),
 | 
						|
	  write('L1 = '), write(NLL),nl
 | 
						|
	 ),
 | 
						|
	 write('L1'), nl,
 | 
						|
	 tell(user)
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% core of Theo's BDD traversal with lazy evaluation, adapted to semiring operators
 | 
						|
% this does not use caching, so don't try with larger BDDs
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
lazy_eval(FDO,FDI,Value) :-
 | 
						|
	repeat,
 | 
						|
	bdd_current(FDO, FDI, N, I, NodeId),
 | 
						|
	(calcp(R, L) ->
 | 
						|
	 retract(calcp(R, L)),
 | 
						|
	 L = [CP|T],
 | 
						|
	 (bdd_leaf(N) ->
 | 
						|
	  CP = N,
 | 
						|
	  NL = T
 | 
						|
	 ;
 | 
						|
	  CP = s(m(N,PH),m(c(N),PL)), 
 | 
						|
	  NL = [PH,PL|T]
 | 
						|
	 ),%write(R),nl,
 | 
						|
	 assert(calcp(R, NL))
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 R = s(m(N,PH),m(c(N),PL)),
 | 
						|
	 NL = [PH, PL],%write(R),nl,
 | 
						|
	 assert(calcp(R, NL))
 | 
						|
	),
 | 
						|
	bdd_nextDFS(FDO),
 | 
						|
	I = 0, bdd_leaf(N),
 | 
						|
	bdd_current(FDO, FDI, N, I, NodeId),
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	calcp(FR, FL),
 | 
						|
%	write(FR),nl,
 | 
						|
	evaluate_expression(FR,Value),
 | 
						|
	retract(calcp(FR, FL)).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% lazy evaluation builds a nested term that needs to be evaluated:
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% attempt to catch base cases
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(s(m('FALSE',_),m(c('FALSE'),_)), Z) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Z).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(s(m('TRUE',_),m(c('TRUE'),_)), Z) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	semiring_one(Z).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(V,Z) :-
 | 
						|
	var(V),
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	format(user_error,'~n  ERROR: unresolved variable in lazy evaluation, will be assumed zero...~n         likely it is a trivial BDD, in which case the result should still be ok, but...~2n',[]),
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Z).
 | 
						|
% normal evaluation
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(s(A,B),C) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	evaluate_expression(A,AE),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_expression(B,BE),
 | 
						|
	semiring_addition(AE,BE,C).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(m(A,B),C) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	evaluate_expression(A,AE),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_expression(B,BE),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(AE,BE,C).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(c(A),C) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	evaluate_expression(A,V),
 | 
						|
	label_negated(V,C).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression('FALSE',Z) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Z).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression('TRUE',Z) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	semiring_one(Z).
 | 
						|
evaluate_expression(A,C) :-
 | 
						|
	get_var_label(A,C,_).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% depth first search in BDD with result caching (dymanic predicate aproblog_cached/4 with args NodeVar, NodeID, Label, SeenVars)
 | 
						|
% the first argument of traverse_bdd_caching/3 is a stack remembering how to combine cached results
 | 
						|
% - FDO and FDI are the output and input communication channels for the BDD
 | 
						|
% - it initially contains a dummy element "root" such that the empty stack indicates the end of the procedure
 | 
						|
% - other elements are of form n(Node,High,Low), each argument consisting of VariableID-BDDNodeID (the first two args of the cache)
 | 
						|
% key idea:
 | 
						|
% - always record the current BDD node in the stack as a child of the current element
 | 
						|
% - if current BDD node is cached already
 | 
						|
%      then pop it from BDD traversal (bdd_ignoreDFS), 
 | 
						|
%      else add it to the stack as new current element and expand it in BDD traversal (bdd_nextDFS)
 | 
						|
% - before looking at the next node, reduce the stack
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
eval_bdd_cached(FDO, FDI, Result,Vars ) :-
 | 
						|
	retractall(aproblog_cached(_,_,_,_)),
 | 
						|
	bdd_current(FDO, FDI, N, _I, NodeId),
 | 
						|
	traverse_bdd_caching([root],FDO, FDI), % normally n(VariableID-BDDNodeID, HighChild, LowChild), but dummy "root" first
 | 
						|
	aproblog_cached(N,NodeId,Result,Vars).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
traverse_bdd_caching([],_FDO, _FDI).
 | 
						|
traverse_bdd_caching([HeadS|RestS],FDO, FDI) :-
 | 
						|
	bdd_current(FDO, FDI, N, _I, NodeID),
 | 
						|
	add_child(N-NodeID,HeadS,NewHead),
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 aproblog_cached(N,NodeID,_,_)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 bdd_ignoreDFS(FDO),
 | 
						|
	 NewStack = [NewHead|RestS]
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 NewStack = [n(N-NodeID,_,_),NewHead|RestS],
 | 
						|
	 bdd_nextDFS(FDO)
 | 
						|
	),
 | 
						|
	reduce_stack(NewStack,RedStack),%write(NewStack),nl,write(RedStack),nl,nl,
 | 
						|
	traverse_bdd_caching(RedStack, FDO, FDI).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% recording the current node as the next unknown child 
 | 
						|
add_child(_Kid,root,root).
 | 
						|
add_child(Kid,n(Node,High,Low),n(Node,Kid,Low)) :-
 | 
						|
	var(High),!.
 | 
						|
add_child(Kid,n(Node,High,Low),n(Node,High,Kid)) :-
 | 
						|
	var(Low).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% reducing the stack and caching the result:
 | 
						|
% - whenever the current stack element is either a leaf or ground, the entire subtree below has been evaluated
 | 
						|
%   and we can calculate and cache the result
 | 
						|
% - once the first other element is reached, we know this is the parent of the next visited node
 | 
						|
% - "root" is the dummy at the end of the stack that makes it possible to use the empty stack as stopping criterion
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
reduce_stack([root],[]).
 | 
						|
reduce_stack([n(N-ID,_,_)|Stack],Red) :-
 | 
						|
	bdd_leaf(N),
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	cache_leaf(N,ID),
 | 
						|
	reduce_stack(Stack,Red).
 | 
						|
reduce_stack([n(N-ID,H,L)|Stack],Reduced) :-
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 ground(n(N-ID,H,L))
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 cache_inner_node(N-ID,H,L),
 | 
						|
	 reduce_stack(Stack,Reduced) 
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 Reduced = [n(N-ID,H,L)|Stack]
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% evaluation and caching of labels associated to BDD nodes
 | 
						|
% - this takes care of keeping variables for compensation if needed
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% leaves
 | 
						|
cache_leaf(Var,Node) :- 
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 aproblog_cache_vars
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 cache_leaf_vars(Var,Node)
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 cache_leaf_pure(Var,Node)
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
cache_leaf_pure('TRUE',ID) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_one(W),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cached('TRUE',ID,W,na)).
 | 
						|
cache_leaf_pure('FALSE',ID) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(W),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cached('FALSE',ID,W,na)).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
cache_leaf_vars('TRUE',ID) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_one(W),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cached('TRUE',ID,W,[])).
 | 
						|
cache_leaf_vars('FALSE',ID) :-
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(W),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cached('FALSE',ID,W,[])).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% for inner nodes, multiply value of children with corresponding label and sum
 | 
						|
cache_inner_node(N,H,L) :- 
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 aproblog_cache_vars
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 cache_inner_node_vars(N,H,L)
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 cache_inner_node_pure(N,H,L)
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
cache_inner_node_pure(N-ID,H-HID,L-LID) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_cached(H,HID,HW,_),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_cached(L,LID,LW,_),
 | 
						|
	get_var_label(N,W,_),
 | 
						|
	label_negated(W,C),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(W,HW,HighW),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(C,LW,LowW),
 | 
						|
	semiring_addition(HighW,LowW,Label),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cached(N,ID,Label,na)).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
cache_inner_node_vars(N-ID,H-HID,L-LID) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_cached(H,HID,HW,HV),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_cached(L,LID,LW,LV),
 | 
						|
	get_var_label(N,W,VarID),
 | 
						|
	label_negated(W,C),
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(LV,HV,HW,HighW),%format(user_error,'compensated ~w ~w ~w ~w~n',[LV,HV,HW,HighW]),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(W,HighW,HWComp),%format(user_error,'multiplied ~w ~w ~w~n',[W,HighW,HWComp]),
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(HV,LV,LW,LowW),%format(user_error,'compensated ~w ~w ~w ~w~n',[HV,LV,LW,LowW]),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(C,LowW,LWComp),%format(user_error,'multiplied ~w ~w ~w~n',[C,LowW,LWComp]),
 | 
						|
	semiring_addition(HWComp,LWComp,Label),%format(user_error,'added ~w ~w ~w~n',[HWComp,LWComp,Label]),
 | 
						|
	append([VarID|HV],LV,AllV),
 | 
						|
	sort(AllV,SortV),%format(user_error,'cache ~w ~w ~w ~w~n',[N,ID,Label,SortV]),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cached(N,ID,Label,SortV)).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% general auxiliaries
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% given list of possibly negated fact identifiers (= random variables), strip off negation
 | 
						|
get_variables([],[]).
 | 
						|
get_variables([not(V)|Vs],[V|Others]) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	get_variables(Vs,Others).
 | 
						|
get_variables([V|Vs],[V|Others]) :-
 | 
						|
	get_variables(Vs,Others).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% for variables in the first but not the second list, we multiply by the sum of their positive and negative label
 | 
						|
compensate_label([],_,W,W).
 | 
						|
compensate_label([A|Rest],Vars,Acc,Result) :-
 | 
						|
	memberchk(A,Vars),
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(Rest,Vars,Acc,Result).
 | 
						|
compensate_label([A|Rest],Vars,Acc,Result) :-
 | 
						|
	get_fact_label(A,W),
 | 
						|
	label_negated(W,WW),
 | 
						|
	semiring_addition(W,WW,CA),
 | 
						|
	semiring_multiplication(CA,Acc,Next),
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(Rest,Vars,Next,Result).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% transform a list of possibly negated fact identifiers into the corresponding list of (negated) BDD variables
 | 
						|
ids_to_vars([],[]).
 | 
						|
ids_to_vars([not(A)|B],[C|D]) :-
 | 
						|
	!,
 | 
						|
	atomic_concat(['~x',A],C),
 | 
						|
	ids_to_vars(B,D).
 | 
						|
ids_to_vars([A|B],[C|D]) :-
 | 
						|
	atomic_concat(['x',A],C),
 | 
						|
	ids_to_vars(B,D).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% given a BDD variable, get the associated label and ID
 | 
						|
% for ground facts, return just the ID (without quotes - breaks compensation for unseen variables on BDD else!)
 | 
						|
% for non-ground facts, return the ID including the grounding ID
 | 
						|
get_var_label(XID,Label,VariableName) :-
 | 
						|
 	atom_concat(x,IAtom,XID),
 | 
						|
 	get_fact_from_id(IAtom,NumAtom),
 | 
						|
 	atom_number(NumAtom,FactID),
 | 
						|
 	get_fact_label(FactID,Label),
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 IAtom == NumAtom
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 VariableName = FactID
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 VariableName = IAtom
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% for nonground facts, extract fact id
 | 
						|
get_fact_from_id(IAtom,NumAtom) :-
 | 
						|
	atom_concat(NumAtom,Part2,IAtom),
 | 
						|
	atom_concat('_',_GID,Part2),!.
 | 
						|
get_fact_from_id(I,I).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
conditional_format(_String,_Args) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(verbose,false),!.
 | 
						|
conditional_format(String,Args) :-
 | 
						|
	format(String,Args).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% user needs to provide these five predicates as part of the aproblog program
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
semiring_zero(Z) :-
 | 
						|
	user:semiring_zero(Z).
 | 
						|
semiring_one(Z) :-
 | 
						|
	user:semiring_one(Z).
 | 
						|
semiring_addition(OldLabel,Label,NewLabel) :-
 | 
						|
	user:semiring_addition(OldLabel,Label,NewLabel).
 | 
						|
semiring_multiplication(OldLabel,Label,NewLabel) :-
 | 
						|
	user:semiring_multiplication(OldLabel,Label,NewLabel).
 | 
						|
label_negated(W,Wbar) :-
 | 
						|
	user:label_negated(W,Wbar).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% top level predicates
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% choose automatically based on flags (default: both false)
 | 
						|
aproblog_label(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(disjoint_sum,true),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(neutral_sum,true),
 | 
						|
	label_neutral_disjoint(Query,Label).
 | 
						|
aproblog_label(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(disjoint_sum,true),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(neutral_sum,false),
 | 
						|
	label_disjoint(Query,Label).
 | 
						|
aproblog_label(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(disjoint_sum,false),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(neutral_sum,true),
 | 
						|
	label_neutral(Query,Label).
 | 
						|
aproblog_label(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(disjoint_sum,false),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_flag(neutral_sum,false),
 | 
						|
	label(Query,Label).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% query label: if sums are neutral and disjoint, calculate the label on the fly
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% for those not remembering the order :)
 | 
						|
label_disjoint_neutral(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	label_neutral_disjoint(Query,Label).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
label_neutral_disjoint(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('disjoint and neutral~n',[]),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	direct_eval(Query,Label),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	Time is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to calculate label: ~w~n',[Time]).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
direct_eval(Goal,_) :-
 | 
						|
	init_aproblog,
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, Zero),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_call(Goal),
 | 
						|
	add_solution_to_eval,
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
direct_eval(_,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_label, Label).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
add_solution_to_eval :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_current_proof, IDs),
 | 
						|
	update_label(IDs).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% old version: evaluate DNF as is
 | 
						|
label_neutral_disjoint_on_dnf(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('disjoint and neutral~n',[]),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	BT is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build DNF: ~w~n',[BT]),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_dnf(Label),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[W,_]),
 | 
						|
	WT is W - D,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to calculate label: ~w~n',[WT]),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% query label: if sums are disjoint but not neutral, calculate the label on the fly with compensation; 
 | 
						|
% compensation ignores labeled facts not used in any proof of the query
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
label_disjoint(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('disjoint but not neutral~n',[]),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	direct_eval_with_compensation(Query,Label),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	T is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to calculate label: ~w~n',[T]).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
direct_eval_with_compensation(Goal,_) :-
 | 
						|
	init_aproblog,
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_variables, []),
 | 
						|
	semiring_zero(Zero),
 | 
						|
	nb_setval(aproblog_label, Zero),
 | 
						|
	aproblog_call(Goal),
 | 
						|
	add_solution_to_eval_with_compensation,
 | 
						|
	fail.
 | 
						|
direct_eval_with_compensation(_,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_label, LabelOnUsed),
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 aproblog_flag(compensate_unused, true)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 b_getval(aproblog_variables, UsedVars),
 | 
						|
	 compensate_for_unseen_vars(LabelOnUsed, UsedVars, Label)
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 Label = LabelOnUsed
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
add_solution_to_eval_with_compensation :-
 | 
						|
	b_getval(aproblog_current_proof, IDs),
 | 
						|
	update_label_with_compensation(IDs).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
compensate_for_unseen_vars(LabelOnUsed, UsedVars, Label) :-
 | 
						|
	findall(ID,(labeled_fact(_,_,ID),\+non_ground_fact(ID)),AllVars),
 | 
						|
	compensate_label(AllVars,UsedVars,LabelOnUsed,Label),
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 non_ground_fact(SomeId)
 | 
						|
	->
 | 
						|
	 get_fact(SomeId,SomeIdFact),
 | 
						|
	 SomeIdLabel::SomeIdFact,
 | 
						|
	 format(user_error,'~2nERROR: cannot fully compensate in program with non-ground facts such as ~q::~q!~nResult with respect to used and ground facts is ~q~2n',[SomeIdLabel,SomeIdFact,Label]),
 | 
						|
	 throw(error('tried compensation on non-ground facts'))
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 true
 | 
						|
	).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% old version: evaluate DNF with compensation
 | 
						|
label_disjoint_on_dnf(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('disjoint but not neutral~n',[]),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	BT is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build DNF: ~w~n',[BT]),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_dnf_with_compensation(Label),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[W,_]),
 | 
						|
	WT is W - D,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to calculate label: ~w~n',[WT]),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% variant that always compensates for all DNF variables
 | 
						|
% intended for debugging purposes, does some redundant list operations in reused code
 | 
						|
label_disjoint_naive(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	BT is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build DNF: ~w~n',[BT]),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_dnf_with_compensation_naive(Label),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[W,_]),
 | 
						|
	WT is W - D,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to calculate label: ~w~n',[WT]),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% query label: if sums are neutral but not disjoint, evaluate the BDD; 
 | 
						|
% using depth first search with caching
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
label_neutral(Query,Result) :-
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('not disjoint but neutral~n',[]),
 | 
						|
	retractall(aproblog_cache_vars),   % do not cache variables for compensation
 | 
						|
	label_internal(Query,Result).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% variant using lazy evaluation without caching
 | 
						|
label_lazy(Query,Label) :-
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	BT is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build DNF: ~w~n',[BT]),
 | 
						|
	bdd_init(FDO,FDI, PID),
 | 
						|
	dnf_to_bdd(FDO),  % change to dnf_to_bdd_naive to use naive preprocessing
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[B,_]),
 | 
						|
	BBT is B - D,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build BDD: ~w~n',[BBT]),
 | 
						|
	lazy_eval(FDO,FDI,Label),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[EB,_]),
 | 
						|
	EBT is EB - B,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to lazily calculate label on BDD: ~w~n',[EBT]),
 | 
						|
	bdd_kill(FDO,FDI, PID, _),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% query label: if sums are neither neutral nor disjoint, evaluate the BDD with compensation; 
 | 
						|
% using depth first search with caching
 | 
						|
% ignores labeled facts not used in any proof of the query
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
label(Query,Result) :-
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('neither disjoint nor neutral~n',[]),
 | 
						|
	retractall(aproblog_cache_vars),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cache_vars),      % cache variables for compensation
 | 
						|
	label_internal(Query,Result).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% shared skeleton of bdd-based methods label_neutral/2 and label/2, controlled by dynamic predicate aproblog_cache_vars/0
 | 
						|
% 1. collect explanations in DNF
 | 
						|
% 2. feed DNF to BDD tool
 | 
						|
% 3. evaluate BDD with caching
 | 
						|
label_internal(Query,Label) :-	
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[D,_]),
 | 
						|
	BT is D - S,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build DNF: ~w~n',[BT]),
 | 
						|
	bdd_init(FDO,FDI, PID),
 | 
						|
	dnf_to_bdd(FDO),      % change to dnf_to_bdd_naive to use naive preprocessing
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[B,_]),
 | 
						|
	BBT is B - D,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to build BDD: ~w~n',[BBT]),
 | 
						|
	eval_bdd_cached(FDO, FDI, LabelOnUsed, UsedVars ),
 | 
						|
	bdd_kill(FDO,FDI, PID, _), % clean up first, as compensate_for_unseen_vars throws error for non-ground facts
 | 
						|
	retractall(aproblog_cached(_,_,_,_)),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf,
 | 
						|
	(
 | 
						|
	 (aproblog_flag(compensate_unused, true), aproblog_cache_vars) % only compensate if we're in the general case, not for neutral sums...
 | 
						|
	-> 
 | 
						|
	 compensate_for_unseen_vars(LabelOnUsed, UsedVars, Label)
 | 
						|
	;
 | 
						|
	 Label = LabelOnUsed
 | 
						|
	),	
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[EB,_]),
 | 
						|
	EBT is EB - B,
 | 
						|
	conditional_format('time to calculate label on BDD: ~w~n',[EBT]).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% structural output only
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% DNF
 | 
						|
print_dnf(Query) :-
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	print_dnf,
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
% BDD
 | 
						|
print_bdd(Query) :-
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	dnf_to_bdd,  % change to dnf_to_bdd_naive to use naive preprocessing
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% random variables / facts used
 | 
						|
used_vars(Query,Vars) :-
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	nb_getval(aproblog_completed_proofs, Trie),
 | 
						|
	edges_ptree(Trie,Vars),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
used_facts(Query,Facts) :-
 | 
						|
	used_vars(Query,Vars),
 | 
						|
	get_fact_list(Vars,Facts).
 | 
						|
	
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% testing predicates
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
% call all labeling functions
 | 
						|
test(Query) :-
 | 
						|
	label_neutral_disjoint(Query,LND),
 | 
						|
	format('~nResult: ~q~2n',[LND]),
 | 
						|
	label_disjoint(Query,LD),
 | 
						|
	format('~nResult: ~q~2n',[LD]),
 | 
						|
	label_neutral(Query,LN),
 | 
						|
	format('~nResult: ~q~2n',[LN]),
 | 
						|
	label(Query,L),
 | 
						|
	format('~nResult: ~q~2n',[L]).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
% this works on internal predicates on DNF, which aren't used any more directly
 | 
						|
test_inner(Query) :-
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[S,_]),
 | 
						|
	build_dnf(Query),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[DNF,_]),
 | 
						|
	DNFTime is DNF - S,
 | 
						|
	format('time to build DNF: ~w~n',[DNFTime]),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_dnf(WX),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[WXT,_]),
 | 
						|
	DNFEvalTime is WXT - DNF,
 | 
						|
	format('time to calculate label on DNF: ~w~2nResult: ~w~2n',[DNFEvalTime,WX]),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[StartComp,_]),
 | 
						|
	evaluate_dnf_with_compensation(DNFwithComp),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[EndComp,_]),
 | 
						|
	Diffwc is EndComp-StartComp,
 | 
						|
	format('time to calculate label on DNF with compensation: ~w~2nResult: ~w~2n',[Diffwc,DNFwithComp]),
 | 
						|
	bdd_init(FDO,FDI, PID),
 | 
						|
	dnf_to_bdd(FDO),  % change to dnf_to_bdd_naive to use naive preprocessing
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[BDD,_]),
 | 
						|
	BddBuild is BDD - EndComp,
 | 
						|
	format('time to build BDD: ~w~n',[BddBuild]),
 | 
						|
	retractall(aproblog_cache_vars),
 | 
						|
	eval_bdd_cached(FDO, FDI, WS, _Vars ),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[TWS,_]),
 | 
						|
	BddTimeWS is TWS - BDD,
 | 
						|
	format('time to calculate label on BDD: ~w~2nResult: ~w~2n',[BddTimeWS,WS]),
 | 
						|
	bdd_reset(FDO),
 | 
						|
	assert(aproblog_cache_vars),
 | 
						|
	eval_bdd_cached(FDO, FDI, WS2, _ ),
 | 
						|
	statistics(walltime,[TWS2,_]),
 | 
						|
	BddTimeWS2 is TWS2 - TWS,
 | 
						|
	format('time to calculate label on BDD with compensation: ~w~2nResult: ~w~2n',[BddTimeWS2,WS2]),
 | 
						|
	bdd_kill(FDO,FDI, PID, _),
 | 
						|
	delete_dnf.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% trial area %%%%%%%%%%
 | 
						|
 |