fix xminor bugs in manual
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Vítor Santos Costa
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6150
docs/builtins.tex
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docs/builtins.tex
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docs/install.tex
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@c -*- mode: texinfo; coding: utf-8; -*-
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@node Install, Run, Intro, Top
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@chapter Installing YAP
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@cindex installation
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@menu
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* Configuration Options:: Tuning the Functionality of YAP Machine
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* Machine Options:: Tuning YAP for a Particular Machine and Compiler
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@end menu
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To compile YAP it should be sufficient to:
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@enumerate
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@item @command{autoconf}. Recent versions of YAP try to follow GNU
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conventions on where to place software.
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@itemize @bullet
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@item The main executable is placed at @var{$BINDIR}. This executable is
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actually a script that calls the Prolog engine, stored at @var{$LIBDIR}.
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@item @var{$LIBDIR} is the directory where libraries are stored. YAPLIBDIR is a
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subdirectory that contains the Prolog engine and a Prolog library.
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@item @var{$INCLUDEDIR} is used if you want to use YAP as a library.
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@item @var{$INFODIR} is where to store @code{info} files. Usually
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@file{/usr/local/info}, @file{/usr/info}, or @file{/usr/share/info}.
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@end itemize
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@item @command{make}.
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@item If the compilation succeeds, try @command{./yap}.
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@item If you feel satisfied with the result, do @command{make install}.
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@item @command{make install-info} will create the info files in the
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standard info directory.
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@item @command{make html} will create documentation in html format in the
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predefined directory.
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@end enumerate
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In most systems you will need to be superuser in order to do @command{make
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install} and @command{make info} on the standard directories.
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@node Configuration Options, Machine Options, ,Install
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@section Tuning the Functionality of YAP
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@cindex syntax
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Compiling YAP with the standard options give you a plain vanilla
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Prolog. You can tune YAP to include extra functionality by calling
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@command{configure} with the appropriate options:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item @command{--enable-rational-trees=yes} gives you support for infinite
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rational trees.
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@item @command{--enable-coroutining=yes} gives you support for coroutining,
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including freezing of goals, attributed variables, and
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constraints. This will also enable support for infinite rational
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trees.
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@item @command{--enable-depth-limit=yes} allows depth limited evaluation, say for
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implementing iterative deepening.
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@item @command{--enable-low-level-tracer=yes} allows support for tracing all calls,
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retries, and backtracks in the system. This can help in debugging your
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application, but results in performance loss.
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@item @command{--enable-wam-profile=yes} allows profiling of abstract machine
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instructions. This is useful when developing YAP, should not be so
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useful for normal users.
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@item @command{--enable-condor=yes} allows using the Condor system that
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support High Throughput Computing (HTC) on large collections of
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distributively owned computing resources.
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@item @command{--enable-tabling=yes} allows tabling support. This option
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is still experimental.
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@item @command{--enable-parallelism=@{env-copy,sba,a-cow@}} allows
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or-parallelism supported by one of these three forms. This option is
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still highly experimental.
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@item @command{--with-max-workers} allows definition of the maximum
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number of parallel processes (its value can be consulted at runtime
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using the flag @command{max_workers}).
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@item @command{--with-gmp[=DIR]} give a path to where one can find the
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@code{GMP} library if not installed in the default path.
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@item @command{--enable-threads} allows using of the multi-threading
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predicates provided by YAP. Depending on the operating system, the
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option @command{--enable-pthread-locking} may also need to be used.
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@item @command{--with-max-threads} allows definition of the maximum
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number of threads (the default value is 1024; its value can be consulted
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at runtime using the flag @code{max_threads}).
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@end itemize
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Next section discusses machine dependent details.
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@node Machine Options, , Configuration Options,Install
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@section Tuning YAP for a Particular Machine and Compiler
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@cindex machine optimizations
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The default options should give you best performance under
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@command{GCC}. Although the system is tuned for this compiler
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we have been able to compile versions of YAP under lcc in Linux,
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Sun's cc compiler, IBM's xlc, SGI's cc, and Microsoft's Visual C++
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6.0.
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@menu
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* Tuning for GCC:: Using the GNUCC compiler
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* Compiling Under Visual C++:: Using Microsoft's Visual C++ environment
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* Tuning for SGI cc:: Compiling Under SGI's @command{cc}
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@end menu
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@node Tuning for GCC, Compiling Under Visual C++, , Machine Options
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@section Tuning YAP for @command{GCC}.
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YAP has been developed to take advantage of @command{GCC} (but not to
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depend on it). The major advantage of @command{GCC} is threaded code and
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explicit register reservation.
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YAP is set by default to compile with the best compilation flags we
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know. Even so, a few specific options reduce portability. The option
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@itemize @bullet
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@item @command{--enable-max-performance=yes} will try to support the best
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available flags for a specific architectural model. Currently, the option
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assumes a recent version of @command{GCC}.
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@item @command{--enable-debug-yap} compiles YAP so that it can be debugged
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by tools such as @command{dbx} or @command{gdb}.
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@end itemize
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Here follow a few hints:
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On x86 machines the flags:
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@example
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YAP_EXTRAS= ... -DBP_FREE=1
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@end example
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tells us to use the @code{%bp} register (frame-pointer) as the emulator's
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program counter. This seems to be stable and is now default.
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On Sparc/Solaris2 use:
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@example
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YAP_EXTRAS= ... -mno-app-regs -DOPTIMISE_ALL_REGS_FOR_SPARC=1
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@end example
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and YAP will get two extra registers! This trick does not work on
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SunOS 4 machines.
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Note that versions of GCC can be tweaked to recognize different
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processors within the same instruction set, e.g. 486, Pentium, and
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PentiumPro for the x86; or Ultrasparc, and Supersparc for
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Sparc. Unfortunately, some of these tweaks do may make YAP run slower or
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not at all in other machines with the same instruction set, so they
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cannot be made default.
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Last, the best options also depends on the version of GCC you are using, and
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it is a good idea to consult the GCC manual under the menus "Invoking
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GCC"/"Submodel Options". Specifically, you should check
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@command{-march=XXX} for recent versions of GCC/EGCS. In the case of
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@command{GCC2.7} and other recent versions of @command{GCC} you can check:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item 486:
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In order to take advantage of 486 specific optimizations in GCC 2.7.*:
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@example
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YAP_EXTRAS= ... -m486 -DBP_FREE=1
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@end example
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@item Pentium:
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@example
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YAP_EXTRAS= ... -m486 -malign-loops=2 -malign-jumps=2 \
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-malign-functions=2
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@end example
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@item PentiumPro and other recent Intel and AMD machines:
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PentiumPros are known not to require alignment. Check your version of
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@command{GCC} for the best @command{-march} option.
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@item Super and UltraSparcs:
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@example
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YAP_EXTRAS= ... -msupersparc
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@end example
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@item MIPS: if have a recent machine and you need a 64 bit wide address
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space you can use the abi 64 bits or eabi option, as in:
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@example
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CC="gcc -mabi=64" ./configure --...
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@end example
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Be careful. At least for some versions of @command{GCC}, compiling with
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@command{-g} seems to result in broken code.
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@item WIN32: GCC is distributed in the MINGW32 and CYGWIN packages.
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The Mingw32 environment is available from the URL:
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@url{http://www.mingw.org}
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You will need to install the @command{msys} and @command{mingw}
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packages. You should be able to do configure, make and make install.
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If you use mingw32 you may want to search the contributed packages for
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the @command{gmp} multi-precision arithmetic library. If you do setup YAP
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with @code{gmp} note that @file{libgmp.dll} must be in the path,
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otherwise YAP will not be able to execute.
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CygWin environment is available from the URL:
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@url{http://www.cygwin.com}
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@noindent
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and mirrors. We suggest using recent versions of the cygwin shell. The
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compilation steps under the cygwin shell are as follows:
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@example
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mkdir cyg
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$YAPSRC/configure --enable-coroutining \\
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--enable-depth-limit \\
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--enable-max-performance
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make
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make install
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@end example
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By default, YAP will use the @command{-mno-cygwin} option to
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disable the use of the cygwin dll and to enable the mingw32 subsystem
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instead. YAP thus will not need the cygwin dll. It instead accesses
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the system's @file{CRTDLL.DLL} @code{C} run time library supplied with
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Win32 platforms through the mingw32 interface. Note that some older
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WIN95 systems may not have @file{CRTDLL.DLL}, in this case it should
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be sufficient to import the file from a newer WIN95 or WIN98 machine.
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You should check the default installation path which is set to
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@file{/YAP} in the standard Makefile. This string will usually
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be expanded into @file{c:\YAP} by Windows.
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The cygwin environment does not provide @t{gmp} on the MINGW
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subsystem. You can fetch a dll for the @t{gmp} library from
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@url{http://www.sf.net/projects/mingwrep}.
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It is also possible to configure YAP to be a part of the cygwin
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environment. In this case you should use:
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@example
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mkdir cyg
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$YAPSRC/configure --enable-max-performance \\
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--enable-cygwin=yes
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make
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make install
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@end example
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YAP will then compile using the cygwin library and will be installed
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in cygwin's @file{/usr/local}. You can use YAP from a cygwin console,
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or as a standalone application as long as it can find
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@file{cygwin1.dll} in its path. Note that you may use to use
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@command{--enable-depth-limit} for Aleph compatibility, and that you may
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want to be sure that GMP is installed.
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@end itemize
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@node Compiling Under Visual C++, Tuning for SGI cc, Tuning for GCC, Machine Options
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@subsection Compiling Under Visual C++
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YAP compiles cleanly under Microsoft's Visual C++ release 6.0. We next
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give a step-by-step tutorial on how to compile YAP manually using this
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environment.
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First, it is a good idea to build YAP as a DLL:
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@enumerate
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@item create a project named yapdll using File.New. The project will be a
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DLL project, initially empty.
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Notice that either the project is named yapdll or you must replace the
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preprocessors variable @var{$YAPDLL_EXPORTS} to match your project names
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in the files @file{YAPInterface.h} and @code{c_interface.c}.
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@item add all .c files in the @file{$YAPSRC/C} directory and in the
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@file{$YAPSRC\OPTYAP} directory to the Project's @code{Source Files} (use
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FileView).
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@item add all .h files in the @var{$YAPSRC/H} directory,
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@var{$YAPSRC\include} directory and in the @var{$YAPSRC\OPTYAP}
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subdirectory to the Project's @code{Header Files}.
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@item Ideally, you should now use @code{m4} to generate extra .h from .m4 files and use
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@code{configure} to create a @code{config.h}. Or, you can be lazy, and
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fetch these files from @var{$YAPSRC\VC\include}.
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@item You may want to go to @code{Build.Set Active Configuration} and
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set @code{Project Type} to @code{Release}
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@item To use YAP's own include directories you have to set the Project
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option @code{Project.Project Settings.C/C++.Preprocessor.Additional
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Include Directories} to include the directories @var{$YAPSRC\H},
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@var{$YAPSRC\VC\include}, @var{$YAPSRC\OPTYAP} and
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@var{$YAPSRC\include}. The syntax is:
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@example
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$YAPSRC\H, $YAPSRC\VC\include, $YAPSRC\OPTYAP, $YAPSRC\include
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@end example
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@item Build: the system should generate an @file{yapdll.dll} and an @file{yapdll.lib}.
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@item Copy the file @file{yapdll.dll} to your path. The file
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@file{yapdll.lib} should also be copied to a location where the linker can find it.
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@end enumerate
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Now you are ready to create a console interface for YAP:
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@enumerate
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@item create a second project say @code{wyap} with @code{File.New}. The project will be a
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WIN32 console project, initially empty.
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@item add @var{$YAPSRC\console\yap.c} to the @code{Source Files}.
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@item add @var{$YAPSRC\VC\include\config.h} and the files in @var{$YAPSRC\include} to
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the @code{Header Files}.
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@item You may want to go to @code{Build.Set Active Configuration} and set
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@code{Project Type} to @code{Release}.
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@item you will eventually need to bootstrap the system by booting from
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@code{boot.yap}, so write:
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@example
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-b $YAPSRC\pl\boot.yap
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@end example
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in @code{Project.Project Settings.Debug.Program Arguments}.
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@item You need the sockets and yap libraries. Add
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@example
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ws2_32.lib yapdll.lib
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@end example
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to @code{Project.Project Settings.Link.Object/Library Modules}
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You may also need to set the @code{Link Path} so that VC++ will find @code{yapdll.lib}.
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@item set @code{Project.Project Settings.C/C++.Preprocessor.Additional Include Directories} to include the
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@var{$YAPSRC/VC/include} and
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@var{$YAPSRC/include}.
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The syntax is:
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@example
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$YAPSRC\VC\include, $YAPSRC\include
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@end example
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@item Build the system.
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@item Use @code{Build.Start Debug} to boot the system, and then create the saved state with
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@example
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['$YAPSRC\\pl\\init'].
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qsave_program('startup.yss').
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^Z
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@end example
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That's it, you've got YAP and the saved state!
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@end enumerate
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The $YAPSRC\VC directory has the make files to build YAP4.3.17 under VC++ 6.0.
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@node Tuning for SGI cc, , Compiling Under Visual C++ ,Machine Options
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@subsection Compiling Under SGI's cc
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YAP should compile under the Silicon Graphic's @code{cc} compiler,
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although we advise using the GNUCC compiler, if available.
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@table @code
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@item 64 bit
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Support for 64 bits should work by using (under Bourne shell syntax):
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@example
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CC="cc -64" $YAP_SRC_PATH/configure --...
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@end example
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@end table
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1021
docs/load.tex
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1021
docs/load.tex
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
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docs/run.tex
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docs/run.tex
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@c -*- mode: texinfo; coding: utf-8; -*-
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@node Run, Syntax, Install, Top
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@chapter Running YAP
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@menu
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* Running YAP Interactively:: Interacting with YAP
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* Running Prolog Files:: Running Prolog files as scripts
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@end menu
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@cindex booting
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We next describe how to invoke YAP in Unix systems.
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@node Running YAP Interactively, ,Running Prolog Files,Run
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@section Running YAP Interactively
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Most often you will want to use YAP in interactive mode. Assuming that
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YAP is in the user's search path, the top-level can be invoked under
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Unix with the following command:
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@example
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yap [-s n] [-h n] [-a n] [-c IP_HOST port ] [filename]
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@end example
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@noindent
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All the arguments and flags are optional and have the following meaning:
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@table @code
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@item -?
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print a short error message.
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@item -s@var{Size}
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allocate @var{Size} KBytes for local and global stacks. The user may
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specify @t{M} bytes.
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@item -h@var{Size}
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allocate @var{Size} KBytes for heap and auxiliary stacks
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@item -t@var{Size}
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allocate @var{Size} KBytes for the trail stack
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@item -L@var{Size}
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SWI-compatible option to allocate @var{Size} K bytes for local and global stacks, the local stack
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cannot be expanded. To avoid confusion with the load option, @var{Size}
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must immediately follow the letter @code{L}.
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@item -G@var{Size}
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SWI-compatible option to allocate @var{Size} K bytes for local and global stacks; the global
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stack cannot be expanded
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@item -T@var{Size}
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SWI-compatible option to allocate @var{Size} K bytes for the trail stack; the trail cannot be expanded.
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@item -l @var{YAP_FILE}
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compile the Prolog file @var{YAP_FILE} before entering the top-level.
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@item -L @var{YAP_FILE}
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compile the Prolog file @var{YAP_FILE} and then halt. This option is
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useful for implementing scripts.
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@item -g @var{Goal}
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run the goal @var{Goal} before top-level. The goal is converted from
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an atom to a Prolog term.
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@item -z @var{Goal}
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run the goal @var{Goal} as top-level. The goal is converted from
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an atom to a Prolog term.
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@item -b @var{BOOT_FILE}
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boot code is in Prolog file @var{BOOT_FILE}. The filename must define
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the predicate @code{'$live'/0}.
|
||||
@item -c @t{IP_HOST} @t{port}
|
||||
connect standard streams to host @t{IP_HOST} at port @t{port}
|
||||
@item filename
|
||||
restore state saved in the given file
|
||||
@item -f
|
||||
do not consult initial files
|
||||
@item -q
|
||||
do not print informational messages
|
||||
@item --
|
||||
separator for arguments to Prolog code. These arguments are visible
|
||||
through the @code{unix/1} built-in predicate.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
Note that YAP will output an error message on the following conditions:
|
||||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
a file name was given but the file does not exist or is not a saved
|
||||
YAP state;
|
||||
@item
|
||||
the necessary amount of memory could not be allocated;
|
||||
@item
|
||||
the allocated memory is not enough to restore the state.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
When restoring a saved state, YAP will allocate the
|
||||
same amount of memory as that in use when the state was saved, unless a
|
||||
different amount is specified by flags in the command line. By default,
|
||||
YAP restores the file @file{startup.yss} from the current directory or from
|
||||
the YAP library.
|
||||
@cindex environment variables
|
||||
|
||||
@findex YAPBINDIR
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
YAP usually boots from a saved state. The saved state will use the default
|
||||
installation directory to search for the YAP binary unless you define
|
||||
the environment variable YAPBINDIR.
|
||||
|
||||
@findex YAPLIBDIR
|
||||
@item
|
||||
YAP always tries to find saved states from the current directory
|
||||
first. If it cannot it will use the environment variable YAPLIBDIR, if
|
||||
defined, or search the default library directory.
|
||||
|
||||
@findex YAPSHAREDIR
|
||||
@item
|
||||
YAP will try to find library files from the YAPSHAREDIR/library
|
||||
directory.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
@node Running Prolog Files, Running YAP Interactively, , Run
|
||||
@section Running Prolog Files
|
||||
|
||||
YAP can also be used to run Prolog files as scripts, at least in
|
||||
Unix-like environments. A simple example is shown next (do not forget
|
||||
that the shell comments are very important):
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@cartouche
|
||||
#!/usr/local/bin/yap -L --
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Hello World script file using YAP
|
||||
#
|
||||
# put a dot because of syntax errors .
|
||||
|
||||
:- write('Hello World'), nl.
|
||||
|
||||
@end cartouche
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
The @code{#!} characters specify that the script should call the binary
|
||||
file YAP. Notice that many systems will require the complete path to the
|
||||
YAP binary. The @code{-L} flag indicates that YAP should consult the
|
||||
current file when booting and then halt. The remaining arguments are
|
||||
then passed to YAP. Note that YAP will skip the first lines if they
|
||||
start with @code{#} (the comment sign for Unix's shell). YAP will
|
||||
consult the file and execute any commands.
|
||||
|
||||
A slightly more sophisticated example is:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@cartouche
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/yap -L --
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Hello World script file using YAP
|
||||
# .
|
||||
|
||||
:- initialization(main).
|
||||
|
||||
main :- write('Hello World'), nl.
|
||||
|
||||
@end cartouche
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
The @code{initialization} directive tells YAP to execute the goal main
|
||||
after consulting the file. Source code is thus compiled and @code{main}
|
||||
executed at the end. The @code{.} is useful while debugging the script
|
||||
as a Prolog program: it guarantees that the syntax error will not
|
||||
propagate to the Prolog code.
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that the @code{--} is required so that the shell passes the extra
|
||||
arguments to YAP. As an example, consider the following script
|
||||
@code{dump_args}:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@cartouche
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/yap -L --
|
||||
#.
|
||||
|
||||
main( [] ).
|
||||
main( [H|T] ) :-
|
||||
write( H ), nl,
|
||||
main( T ).
|
||||
|
||||
:- unix( argv(AllArgs) ), main( AllArgs ).
|
||||
|
||||
@end cartouche
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
If you this run this script with the arguments:
|
||||
@example
|
||||
./dump_args -s 10000
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
the script will start an YAP process with stack size @code{10MB}, and
|
||||
the list of arguments to the process will be empty.
|
||||
|
||||
Often one wants to run the script as any other program, and for this it
|
||||
is convenient to ignore arguments to YAP. This is possible by using
|
||||
@code{L --} as in the next version of @code{dump_args}:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@cartouche
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/yap -L --
|
||||
|
||||
main( [] ).
|
||||
main( [H|T] ) :-
|
||||
write( H ), nl,
|
||||
main( T ).
|
||||
|
||||
:- unix( argv(AllArgs) ), main( AllArgs ).
|
||||
|
||||
@end cartouche
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
The @code{--} indicates the next arguments are not for YAP. Instead,
|
||||
they must be sent directly to the @code{argv} built-in. Hence, running
|
||||
@example
|
||||
./dump_args test
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
will write @code{test} on the standard output.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ enumeration is undefined.
|
||||
Delete the named global variable.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@section Compatibility of Global Variables
|
||||
@subsubsection Compatibility of Global Variables
|
||||
|
||||
Global variables have been introduced by various Prolog
|
||||
implementations recently. YAP follows their implementation in SWI-Prolog, itself
|
||||
|
||||
13
docs/yap.bib
Normal file
13
docs/yap.bib
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
@book{TheArtOfProlog,
|
||||
Author = "Sterling, Leon and Shapiro, Ehud",
|
||||
Title = "The Art of Prolog",
|
||||
Publisher = "MIT Press",
|
||||
Year = "1986" }
|
||||
|
||||
@Book{ProgrammingInProlog,
|
||||
Author ="William F. Clocksin and Christopher S. Mellish",
|
||||
Title ={Programming in Prolog},
|
||||
Publisher ={Springer-Verlag},
|
||||
Year =1986
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
8292
docs/yap.tex
8292
docs/yap.tex
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
Reference in New Issue
Block a user